Cubas Relations with Latin America Essay - 2284 Words

Cubas Relations with Latin America Introduction The Cuban Revolution of 1959 not only affected Cuba itself, it also had a strong impact on the island’s international relations. This was particularly the case with its relationships with Latin America. In the forty years since the revolution, the response to Cuba from Latin American nations has ranged from the severing of diplomatic ties with the island, to the reestablishment of relations at a later period. Fear of the spreading of similar insurrections, as well as feelings of Latin American solidarity, are examples of factors that have contributed to these shifts. Revolutionary Leaders Define Cuba’s Place in the Americas Even before the success of the revolution, Castro and†¦show more content†¦Cuban revolutionary leaders also considered relations between the island and its neighbors, because of their close proximity and shared cultural and historical connections, to be of primary importance in Cuba’s international affairs. In its relations with the other American republics, Cuba’s attitude is not one of separation but rather friendship. This attitude will have priority over the rest of our international relations (26th of July Movement 138-139). Cuba and Latin America in the 1960’s The decade following the revolution saw the deterioration of diplomatic ties between Cuba and many Latin American counties. One of the main reasons for this was because after the success of the revolution in Cuba, Castro and his supporters began calling for revolt throughout Latin America. In various regions in the area, Castro mounted invasions, trained guerrillas, sent propaganda and money to fidelista groups, and occasionally dispatched arms and even personnel to support guerrilla activities (Wright 41). This caused many Latin American leaders to suspend their relations with Cuba for fear that the spread of rebellion would lead to their deposition. According to Wright, Latin America was especially vulnerable to upset by the impact of the Cuban Revolution since many of its countries’ political institutions had shallow roots (42). The instability that characterized much of Latin American politics in the 1960’s led to a number of uprisings in variousShow MoreRelatedFidel Castro And The Cuban Revolution1360 Words   |  6 Pagesgoverned Cuba for nearly five decades (1959-2006) achieving both successes and failures throughout the course of his rule. His rise to power as Prime Minister in 1959 saw Cuba become the first communist state in the Western Hemisphere, improving relations with the Soviet Union but at the cost of a trade embargo with the United States. During the period of the Cold War, Castro played a significant role in allowing missiles to be placed in Cuba as mishaps during the crisis may have resulted in mutuallyRead MoreCub A Long Time952 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic Product (GDP) in Cuba was 77.15 billion U.S. dollars, which represents 0.12% of the world economy. The GDP reached its peak in 2013 while a lowest record of 5.69 billion dollars in 1970. In addition, the service sector contribu tes around 75% of Cuba’s GDP, while manufacturing industry contributes about 21%, and agriculture contributes a mere 4%. Based on report by the Cuba National Office of Statistics, the GDP annual growth rate increased to 4.7% in the first quarter this year. From 2006 to 2014Read MoreThe Cuban Revolution : An Single Most Important Event Of 20th Century Latin America1200 Words   |  5 Pagesrebellions ultimately resulted in the overthrow of the US- backed Cuban government and ushered in a new era of Communist rule. It is often cited as the single most important event of 20th century Latin America. The Cuban Revolution was derived from social unrest and consequently had a major impact on Cuba’s domestic and foreign affairs most notably the installation of a communist government that still rules today and abroad supported communist institutions across the world which in turn resulted inRead MoreShould the United States Lift the Embargo on Cuba? Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican international relations with Cuba have almost always been tense. The cold war solidified the growing negative relations, and the embargo embodied it. But now that the cold war is over, as is the Cuban missile crisis, we’re left to wonder if the embargo is really necessary. Should the United States lift the embargo of Cuba? All of the evidence, be it economic, diplomatic, or social, points to yes. We should lift the embargo. The United States embargo of Cuba has its roots planted in 1960Read MoreThe Cuban Revolution Was An Event That Sparked Change Among Latin America1171 Words   |  5 Pages The Cuban Revolution was an event that sparked change among Latin America. This change was a first of its kind, since the Western Hemisphere had primarily been democratic. Relations with other countries close by and far, improved or declined rapidly depending on the government and its ideals. Latin America countries had internal struggles which they would decide to follow Cuba or stay in favorable relations with the United States. Countries such as Honduras, Guatemala and Colombia seem to haveRead More Cuban Relations Essay4043 Words   |  17 PagesCuban Relations In the year 1959 a politician named Fidel Castro led a revolution against the Cuban government under Fulgencio Batista. Castro used his influence to persuade the Cuban people to fight for him in the revolution against Batista’s government. With the people on his side, Castro successfully overthrew the Cuban government and was eventually elected President. These people believed in Castro, and that he would make Cuba a better place to live and work in. Once Fidel Castro hadRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis : The Most Dangerous Time1421 Words   |  6 Pagesever been. Prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S. had long economic and political ties with Cuba. In the Spanish-America War the U.S. helped Cuba gain its independence from Spain with military support. Soon after the U.S implemented the Platt Amendments that were used to protect Cuba’s independence from foreign intervention, and permitted U.S. involvement in all of Cuba’s international and domestic affairs. For the U.S. Cuba provided a luxurious vacation location for American tourist, a URead MoreCuba And The United States1217 Words   |  5 Pagescut ties in January of 1961, meaning that there have not been any high-level diplomatic relations with Cuba for 54 years. At the time, America and Cuba considered one another as mortal enemies and mistrusted each other’s government greatly. So this raises the question; Was it the correct decision for Cuba and the United States to cut ties? This break with Cuba was a bad decision because it caused Cuba’s economy to plummet, caused Cubans to immigrate, and it caused Cuban support of communisticRead MoreRelations Between Russia And Cuba Essay2254 Words   |  10 PagesForeign Relations, you have been called upon to give advice on the issue of Russian spy bases reportedly reopening in Cuba against the backdrop of normalizing U.S.-Cuba relations. According to anonymous sources at the Department of Homeland Security, Cuba and R ussia reached an agreement to reopen the previously Soviet-run Lourdes signal intelligence base in Cuba, located 150 miles from the U.S. Ambassador Jeff DeLaurentis and his team has hired your department at the Council on Foreign Relations to participateRead MoreFidel Castro Is The Man Associated With The Failure And1037 Words   |  5 PagesCastro’s role in the Cuban missile crisis, it is important to consider the history of Cuba’s relations with the United States and Soviet Union. Cuba’s geographic proximity to the United States put it in the direct sphere of political and economic influence. Since their independence, the US have continued to intervene in Cuban affairs and dominate the trade of the region and island itself. Cuba’s long history of relations with the United States left Castro resentful of Washington, nevertheless their economic

Marketing Essays - 2217 Words

Marketing Different Companies have different methods of selling their products, some companies decide to launch an item and wait for the results of the sales. Another method of selling a product is to research the market in which it is to be sold. There are various ways of conducting some market research, much depends on the item you wish to sell, the time you may have to research and the amount of money that is available. People who are expected to be consumers may be approached in order to recognise their needs, this may be done through questionnaires verbally by post or by phone once their needs are recognised it will be clearer what to provide for them. Research into the companies†¦show more content†¦Market research can often prove to be expensive and time consuming and ultimately the results found through the research only suggest past events and past patterns it cannot be a guarantee for business or profit. Market research will only suggest areas that have been studied it is possible that issues of particular importance may not have been researched and there is always the risk of unexpected circumstances arising for which the research conducted has no account Research all presents predictions and can be untrue this can cause a huge loss in invested money in to the research business. Desk research involves secondary data, this information already exists and just needs to be broken down for the relevance of the product to be launched. Annual reports and accounts of every business are not always easy to access. This could make the research prolonged and time consuming when it would need to be efficient so that other copycat companies may not produce faster and benefit from your inefficiency. Market research is clearly significant as no market research means a bigger gamble, hence risk of losing capital invested. Without some type of research into the market, a product may be launched at a time which did not coincide with the spending of consumers. This would mean sales and no profit you could not sell woolly hats in the hot summer. TheShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Marketing And Marketing966 Words   |  4 Pagesreflect back over these last five weeks I now have a clearer view of marketing and how it affects not just the consumers of the world and the com panies with their marketing managers, but how it affects me. Yes, I am a consumer who clips coupons, budgets my finances, and looks for sale items and this marketing class has taught me that marketing is more than selling or advertising. Marketing managers have a difficult job, as marketing involves identifying, meeting and satisfying the needs of customersRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Marketing And Marketing1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthis day and age, marketing plays a pivotal role in the business environment. 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Product orientation still be used by some senior executives and thisRead MoreMarketing : Marketing And Relationship Marketing Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrating Marketing With the shift in the external marketing environments, Apple has also shifted its marketing strategy. It personalizes marketing through experiential marketing and relationship marketing. â€Å"Experiential marketing promotes a product by not only communicating a product’s features and benefits but also connecting it with unique and interesting consumer experiences† (Strategic Brand Management, P. 181). Customers can easily experience a sense of community every time they walk in intoRead MoreMarketing Mix Of Marketing And Marketing1001 Words   |  5 PagesIn The cutting edge world of marketing dated back in the late 1950s, the four Ps were called the marketing mix, meaning that a marketing plan is a mix of four components. A company who has adopted 4P approach focuses on product, whereas company who has adopted the value approach focuses on value to the consumer. One of other marketing mix is the Value approach. This approach concentrates on delivering value to the consumers or customers, the 4Ps approach is evidently concentrated not on customersRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Marketing And Marketing1770 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Marketing? A plethora of individuals seem to be misinformed about marketing. Several of these individuals believe that marketing is just advertising. Others will tell you that marketing is all about sales, insinuating that all marketers are just salesmen. Now these beliefs are both right and wrong. â€Å"How can they both be right and wrong at the same time?† you may be asking yourself. Well they are right, because marketing encompasses both advertising and sales. They are both wrong by assumingRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Marketing And Marketing1878 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Marketing research is the process that associates the consumers, customers, and end users to the marketer through information — information used to classify and describe marketing prospects and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and development understanding of marketing as a process. Marketing research identifies the information required to address these issues, designs the method for collecting information, manages and implements

Hrm Hotel Free Essays

As described by Schuler, Randall S ; Personnel and Human Resource Management, Third Etalon 1 987, recruitment Is referring to the set of activates and recess used to legally obtain a sufficient number of qualified people at the right time and place so that people and organization can select each other in their own best short and long term interests. By implementing the recruitment process, its provide organization with the qualified group of potential candidates to fill up the vacancies. However, the recruitment process must be done properly to ensure unwanted higher turnover result, wasted recruiting and training costs can be controlled at lowest level and minimized. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm Hotel or any similar topic only for you Order Now As for Hilton case, the higher turnover rates record over the past years has rigged the HER department to begin to ponder, what went wrong with their excellent recruitment process. Another question was why their staffs disciplines such as absenteeism, conflict, and stress amongst staff are turning up gradually? Were these problems/ deficiencies happened because of poor HER recruitment planning? Trying to relate the above problems with the current recruitment process implemented by Hilton, I shall go further by analyzing the data provided as shown in Fig 1 . However, evaluations are made only to those critical recruitment sources which I believe necessary action to be taken immediately to fill the vacant and improve the current executives’ workload. Therefore sustainability is a factor which Hilton should include in deciding which method of recruitment they should practice. Details of the analysis taken from the yield ratio table as follow: I Recruitment Source II year Survival I 175% Sustainability by Recruitment Source from 1996 – 1999 Quality – Recruitment is about identifying and selection process of potential candidates for the human resource requirement of the organization therefore it is also important to identify which recruitment method can pool the best quality candidate. How to cite Hrm Hotel, Papers

Activity Based Costing in an Organization-Free-Sample for Student

Questions: 1.Critically evaluate the consulting groups recommendation of switching the overhead assignment to an activity-based approach. 2.Verify the overhead cost per unit reported by the consulting group using direct labor hours to assign overhead. Compute the per-unit gross margin for each product. Show all workings. 3.Recompute the unit cost of each product using activity-based costing. Compute the per-unit gross margin for each product. Show all workings. 4.With reference to your analysis in (3), what recommendations that addressed the issues in the case would you suggest for South Pacific Chemicals Ltd. management team to consider, while competing in a competitive environment? Answers: 1.The consulting group recommended the firm to use Activity Based Costing (ABC) instead of the traditional costing. The reason that has been cited is that ABC leads to more accurate allocation of the overheads cost which is indeed accurate. In the current costing system, the overhead cost is allocated on the basis of the plantwide rate which is linked to direct labour hours consumed. Clearly, this process undermines the underlying difficulty that is involved in the production of S-17 chemical due to which the overhead cost of this product may be significantly higher. Additionally, the fact that the competitors are able to sell X-14 at lower than the cost of the company further strengthens the rationale to shift to ABC as it might be possible that the overhead costs may be over-allocated to X-14 while under-allocated to S-17. As a result, the customers are willing to buy the same quantity of S-17 even if a 25% hike in prices is put in place by the company. Further, literature review also provides support in favour of ABC as compared to traditional costing systems such as absorption costing. This is because the ABC system involves breaking down the overhead tasks into smaller activities and identifying the respective cost drivers of each of these sub-activities. Further, the activity levels associated with different products is computed so that the allocation of the overheads cost can be carried out accurately (Northington, 2012). This ensures not only better costing of the individual products but also more competitive pricing. Considering the relative performance of the two products for the company, conducting the ABC analysis is indeed a prudent suggestion by the consulting group. A potential downside of the recommendation is the incremental cost associated but considering that the management is looking to shut down production of a product, this is required in order to make a prudent decision (Petty et. al., 2015). 2.Plantwide Overhead Rate Computation The following information has been provided. Total overhead costs incurred in the production of the two chemicals = $ 6,990,000 Total direct labour hours = 250,000 + 22,500 = 272,500 Hence, plantwide overhead rate = 6990000/272500 = $ 25.65 per direct labour hour Direct labour hour per unit computation Production quantity of X-14 = 1,000,000 Production quantity of S-17 = 200,000 Direct labour hours required for X-14 = 250,000 Direct labour hours required for S-17= 22,500 Hence, direct labour hours per unit of X-14 = (250000/1000000) =0.25 hours Also, direct labour hours per unit of S-17 = (22500/200000) = 0.1125 hours Overhead cost per unit computation Overhead cost per unit for X-14 = 0.25*25.65 = $6.41 Overhead cost per unit for S-17 = 0.1125*25.65 = $2.89 Unit Gross Margin Computation Unit selling price of X-14 = $15.93 Unit total cost for X-14 = 6.41 + 4.27 = $10.68 Hence, gross margin per unit for X-14 = 15.93 10.68 = $ 5.25 Unit selling price of S-17 = $12 Unit total cost for S-17 = 2.89 + 3.13 = $6.02 Hence, gross margin per unit for S-17 = 12 6.02 = $ 5.98 3.The respective overhead activities along with their respective cost drivers are identified below. Based on the above cost drivers, the unit cost for each activity has been computed as shown below. Now based on the individual activity level of the two chemicals, the overhead cost would be allocated to the two products. This has been achieved as indicated below (Parrino and Kidwell, 2011). From the table above, it is apparent that total overhead costs allocated to the production of X-14 and S-17 are $3,498,919 and $ 3,491,081 respectively. The total production level of X-14 and S-17 are 1,000,000 kg and 200,000 kg respectively. Hence, per unit overhead cost for X-14 = 3498919/1000000 = $ 3.50 per kg Also, per unit overhead cost for X-14 = 3491081/200000 = $ 17.46 per kg Therefore per unit total cost for X-14 = 3.5 + 4.27 = $7.77 per kg Also, per unit total cost for S-17 = 17.46 + 3.13 = $20.59 per kg Unit Gross Margin for X-14 = 15.93 7.77 = $8.16 Unit Gross Margin for S-17 = 12 20.59 = -$ 8.59 4.Based on the gross margins obtained from ABC system, it is apparent that X-14 is the profit making chemical while S-17 is loss making at the current prices. This aberration is primarily because under the existing system of absorption costing, there is over-allocation of overhead costs to X-14 and under-allocation of the same to S-17. As a result, X-14 is being priced much higher than it should be while S-17 is underpriced. This clearly explains how the competitors are able to provide X-14 at $ 10 per kg. Taking the ABC system into consideration, the South Pacific Chemicals could also match and potentially beat the competitors price thereby making up for the lost ground in terms of market share lost. Further, with regards to S-17, considering the underpricing, it is not surprising that even with a 25% hike, the customers would continue buying. It is recommended that in order to improve the competitive position, the company should reduce the price of X-17 to less than $ 10 per kg whi le enhance the price of S-17 to about $ 25 per kg. References Northington, S. (2011) Finance, 4th ed. New York: Ferguson Parrino, R. and Kidwell, D. (2011) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 3rd ed. London: Wiley Publications Petty, JW, Titman, S, Keown, AJ, Martin, P, Martin JD and Burrow, M. (2015), Financial Management: Principles and Applications, 6th ed. Sydney: Pearson Australia,

A Nation of Wimps free essay sample

A Nation Of Wimps Parents are going to extreme lengths to take the bumps out of life for their children. However, that has the net effect of making kids more fragile, and that may be why they’re braking down so easily. People learn through experience, and through failure they learn how to cope with things later on in life, themselves. And whether we realize that or not, this nation is turning out to be producing more and more wimps. The Fragility Factor College is one of the biggest fragility factors. It leads to psychological distress, binge drinking, substance abuse, self-mutilation, etc. Relationship problems don’t go away, anorexia and bulimia keep on coming. Welcome to the Hothouse Parents are overprotecting their children, they are intruding too much into their lives. They started to call colleges and asking about their grades. American parents today expect their children to be perfect, and that puts to much pressure on them. We will write a custom essay sample on A Nation of Wimps or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Arrivederci, Playtime Children don’t play enough these days. Over 40, 000 schools in the U. S. don’t have recess anymore. Commercialization of children’s play leads to more stressed out children. Plays develops cognitive thinking, and is important for normal development of children. The Eternal Umbilicus Cellphones today make children addictive to their parents. Students are typically in contact with their parents several times a day, which makes them constantly homesick, and keeps them away from learning how to manage for themselves. All that is the pathway to depression, it weakens self-regulation, it influences relationships and friendships, and make children become more frustrated and impatient which then leads to the fail of relationships and even greater depression. From Scrutiny to Anxiety and Beyond What creates anxious children is parents hovering and protecting them from stressful experiences. This group of children experiences stress in situations most kids find unthreatening. They grow up shrinking from social contact, and lack confidence. They are later on easily influenced by others. Overparenting creates lifelong vulnerability to anxiety and depression. Endless Adolescence Adulthood no longer begins after adolescence ends. Kids are starting to extend childhood, because they are making up for the things they weren’t supposed to do as children, and are creating a whole new stage called the â€Å"early adulthood. † Boom Boom Boomerang Play is connected to the making of healthy relationships later on in life. The less time children spend in play, the less socially competent they become. Through play we learn how to read feelings and negotiate conflicts. Taking the play out of childhood is bound to create development lags. Just Whose Shark Tank Is It Anyway? Competition has become a stressful and significant part of our everyday lives. Parents imagine that their children must be swimming in a big shark tank. Kids today are more ambivalent about the college race than are parents. Nowadays, parents are actually locking their kids into fragility, and by that the kids never learn how to cope with anxiety. Putting Worry in its Place Parents need to abandon the idea of perfection and give up some the invasive control. Children are far less integrated into adult society than they used to be, and by that parents have introduced a tendency to assume that children can’t manage difficult situations. Parents need to remember that one of the goals of higher educations is developing the capacity of thinking for ourselves. Conclusion Indeed parents today have became overprotective of their children, they overshelter them and overpraise them. They cheat for their children by making up fake diseases and getting them into colleges by relations. All of that is creating a whole different type of kids, that aren’t individuals anymore, we are creating the nation of kinds depending on their parents, a nation of wimps,

Nu wa essays

Nu wa essays In the beginning, the earth was nothing but a huge, dark, and empty piece of rock. Then an egg cracked, out came the God that separated the earth from heaven. From the "God" (Pan Ku), came lots of other deities that helped create earth as a whole. One of the deities was Nu Wa. Nu Wa's life was told in three stories; "Nu Wa Creates Humanity", "The Marriage of Nu Wa and Fu Xi", and "Nu Wa Mends the Sky." From the readings, Nu Wa plays different roles. All this roles leads to one responsibility, and that is to create and serve the people. In Chinese mythology, there were three versions of Nu Wa. The first version portrayed Nu Wa as the creator of humanity. It is said that there were no men when the sky and the earth were separated. It was Nu Wa who made men by molding yellow clay. "First she wet the earth. Then she squeezed it through her fingers. Then her hands moulded a little creature like herself, and when she placed it down beside the spring it began to laugh". (Yuan 5) She began to make more and more until the work was so tiring that her strength was not equal to it. So she dipped a rope into the mud and then lifted it. The mud that dripped from the rope also became man. Those made by molding yellow clay were rich and noble, while those made by lifting the rope were poor and low. This story tells how Nu Wa created human-beings and into for the continuonce of these human life, "She thought and thought and then she made some more men and women, and these she taught to love each other and raise children. And so it was that Nu Wa was the first match maker". (Yuan 5) She was also known as the goddess of marriage. 2.In ancient times, the four corners of the sky collapsed. The sky could not cover all the things under it, nor could the earth carry all the things on it. A great flood raced about and could not be stopped. Savage beasts devoured innocent people; vicious birds preyed on the ...

Labour markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Labour markets - Essay Example The three pillars of the agenda of the organisation include the intension of making the future work satisfactory for the employees, to keep up with the changes in the cultural background and the attitudes of the employees working in the multicultural organisations of the globalised world, as well as to make a free flowing culture in the place of work where the organisation is established. The theme of improving the quality of work life is a widely discussed topic since a long time. This report aims at providing a critical analysis of the various issues that are of concern to the human resource managers. In the initial part of the report a literature review has been done to highlight the issues that have been addressed in the international literature. The main section of the essay deals with multitude of questions including the extent to which the goals are important for the relationships of employer-employee in the different cases, the procedure of achievement of such goals as well a s the problems that may crop up in the scenario of the present day labour market. Scholarly resources like books, journals as well relevant websites have been consulted to conduct a review of the literature that have been written on this topic as well as the critical analysis on this question. Literature Review This section of the literature review is an attempt to link the three main aspects of work life balance which includes the work that the person does the workforce in the organisation and the place of work of the employees involved. It is essential for every organisation to have a proper balance between family and work which otherwise would give rise to issues of conflict according to Greenhaus and Beutell (Greenhaus and Beutell, 1985, pp. 76-88). The environment at work affects the performance health of the employees. There is a high correlation between the work units and the effectiveness of the work systems in which employees perform. Each department in an organisation comp rise of teams and the performance of the teams in a collective manner contributes to the total productivity of the organisations. Thus the performance of the teams is extremely important from the point of view of the organisation. It has been observed through various works of research that the sum of the performances of the individuals would be less than that which would be contributed by an entire team (Parker, 1990, pp. 63-86). Hence the commitment and dedication of the team are important for the growth of the organisation and the progress of the employees. Researchers have made studies regarding the work hours of the individual employees, the level of job satisfaction, the health and the well-being of the employees. It has been found that all these factors have a direct correlation with the level of performance of the employees and the way they are committed to the work they have been assigned. The business processes are directly linked with the work life that the employees have. It has been found that the people who work in organisations which guarantee a good work life balance are more involved in the work at office (Williams and Adam-Smith, 2010, pp. 26-49). The diversity and flexibility in the organisation culture make the workplace conducive for the employees. A flexible workplace has a major role to

European Society and Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Society and Thought - Essay Example The economy of Europe was transformed Production expanded greatly, and new methods of marketing and transport arose. Finally, governments gradually adopted new methods and policies, often spurred by pressures from below as new groups gained political consciousness. The result was an increasingly active government that sought change in many areas--in agricultural methods, in the organization of cities, in industry and technology, and in more conventional matters such as police and military structure. Population growth, the industrialization of the economy, and the modernization of the state--here were the most obvious motors for change. The result was a transformation that touched every aspect of life; and in many ways the less familiar changes were more important. People became sexier. They had intercourse more often, both in and out of marriage. Their bodies changed. Modern European man is taller, is heavier, and has bigger feet than his premodern counterpart. Women are taller as we ll, but ultimately their physical image, and with a bit of a lag their physical reality, stressed greater slenderness, along with an increase in bust size. Premodern society had a different notion of work from modern society. It had little specific sense of leisure; the notion of vacations and regular, off-the-job recreation was born in the nineteenth century. Any change as great as industrialization and modernization creates a great deal of stress (Hughes p12). At every stage of the modernization process large groups of people were fearful of change. Ironically, the same transformation that spread an idea of progress also enhanced a more traditional notion that somehow the past was better. An example: polls in France as late as the 1950s revealed that the majority of the population believed that people lived longer in the past than in modern society, apparently assuming that the stress of modern life, in contrast to the peaceful existence of the countryside, must have reduced longevity. Belief in political reform spread too many sectors of the bourgeoisie in France during the second half of the eighteenth century via Enlightenment tracts. Lawyers and other professional people were particularly receptive. By the 1790s a more radical reform interest, also Enlightenment-derived, reached artisans, whose leaders began talking in terms of social contracts and popular sovereignty. But even here the Enlightenment channelled political interests more than it caused them (Gottschalk p14). The state, particularly on the Continent, played a more direct role in modernization, though without intending to contribute to any fundamental transformation of society. From the late seventeenth century most European governments had been extending the scope of their operations. They tried to increase their contact with distant sections of their country, curtailing the regional power of aristocrats. Bureaucracies were expanded, and bourgeois elements were brought into some of them. Most important, the government began to deal with activities that had previously been left to the control of local and private groups. Many

Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Essay

Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The work at hand provides the detailed discussion showing the point that P&G together with its concerned brand Olay is on the right path towards the idea of initiating entrepreneurship through its innovative strategy. To understand this further, the proponent subdivided this article into two general parts, the brief idea linked to innovation and competitive advantage, and the five elemental requirements for successful innovation as the basis of P&G together with its brand Olay for doing entrepreneurship from the standpoint of innovation. Innovation and competitive advantage Innovation is a fundamental component in entrepreneurship that leads us to understand what are the necessary actions that a company or organisation should perform in order to make a difference and obtain competitive advantage. From the past, the market for Olay started to decline and people began to call it as â€Å"Oil for old lady.† This is something bad for the image of the brand and it will further lead to the decline of its sales. For this matter, Olay started to expand to diversified product lines, which is part of strategic renewal and even expand internationally, a remarkable point of corporate venturing. The onset of technology and scientific advancement brings forward the opportunity for Olay to formulate further highly innovative anti-aging skin care products. However, financial constraints led the brand once again to a constant declining market share. It is likely that Olay aims at present to increase its market share and doing so requires innovation and productivity enhancement. These according to them will help them lure their customers back to their brands. At this point in time, we can say that Olay is under the strong powerful force of influence of what entrepreneurship is all about. Generally, the brand underwent creative strategic renewal, innovation and corporate venturing. However, at present it is remarkable that the timeliest activity is for the brand to go for innovation and lure the customers back to its highly diversified offerings with a significant promise of anti-ageing treatments for skin for more fast and visible results. Clearly, there is a strong inclusion of the need for Olay to go for high market acceptance because of its declining sales in the midst of challenging and tough financial times. The ultimate solution would be to go for innovation, which is the primary move of consideration of MacDonald, the latest CEO. Here where diversification of brands that will meet the needs of the customers sets in. This primarily would involve the point of the inclusion of obtaining competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is a remarkable point of every organisation or entrepreneur aiming to be at the cutting edge of the competition, standing far above the other competitors in a specific market niche or segment. At some point, it is implied that Olay aims to be the leading brand in anti-ageing market for skin care. Without question, this eventually would lead to obtaining competitive advantage, in order to achieve the brand that is far a cut above the other. A primary reason why there is a need to innovate product or service offering is to obtain competitive advantage (Robinson, 2009; Hasell et al., 2003; Lowe & Marriott, 2012). In today’

Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking

Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking 1. Introduction It includes the following topics: a. A clear statement of the purpose of the thesis b. Reasons for the study c. Statement of problems d. Purpose of the study a. The purpose of the thesis: If students have to write their M.B.A theses, which make a large number of significant errors, this is the main reason why their projects return for audit. Disappointed and falls, they need to proofread and to work for their dissertations. It has taken so much time for them to write their dissertations, and now they should start from the exact beginning. I shall show you how to avoid failure in the basic thesis and is, as you know about this failure. The most important thing about the dissertation writing is that you should understand clearly the purpose of the letter. The main purpose of writing of a dissertation is to provide a student with an opportunity to discover something new in the field of investigation. If the student can lead a deep, wise and profound Research, and can draw a clear conclusion about his / her research with any discoveries that present in the final dissertation, he reached the end. One more important thing is to writing a thesis that you should know about th e latest discoveries in the field of investigation. That purpose, writing a dissertation, can be achieved through lectures and analysis of relevant sources thesis. A student should be aware of the position of the writer and should appreciate the critical position. There is no doubt that you will succeed in your dissertation, if you know the main purpose of writing a dissertation, which will be presented by me. Apply for M.B.A dissertation to get a piece of good advice. M.B.A dissertation is always willing to help you. For many courses forms part of a dissertation is to complete study for a degree. For some courses it is linked with work experience. It provides you with an opportunity to take a piece of individual research work and to really examine an aspect of the theme that you are studying closely. b. Reasons for the investigation: There are opportunities for the effective use of the Internet with regard to the banking industry. It is shown that may cause the appropriate application of todays cutting-edge technology at a significant competitive advantage for banks. This is illustrated by a scenario that focuses on the potentials of advising on the Internet. For many consumers, electronic banking means 24-hour access to redeem with an automated counter machine (ATMS), or direct deposit of paychecks for the checking or savings accounts. But electronic banking now involved many different types of negotiations. Electronic banking, also known as electronic funds transfer (EFT), uses computer and electronic technology as a replacement for paper checks and other negotiations. EFTS is initiated through devices like cards or codes that you can, or that you authorize to accesses your account. Many financial institutions use ATM or debit cards and personal identification numbers (NEEDLES) for this purpose. One uses other forms of payment cards such as those that require the most, your signature or a check. The federal Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFT Act) covers some electronic consumer negotiations. Although Internet banking has been widely adopted in developed countries, there is a group of customers resisting the services. In other words, Internet banking, although proven to be a successful innovation is not yet adopted by the laggards have become, and therefore have all the expectations of banks did not hit. Therefore, the purpose of dissertation is to identify the reasons for the sales resistance to Internet banking. The special interest is to explore resistance among those who pay a customer who already has valid contracts for Internet, but preferably pays, pay their bills through ATMs. The goal is to identify the characteristics that generate resistance to Internet banking and their connections to values of individuals. To achieve the objective, 30 Finnish bank customers have used the detail ed Central finished interviewing approach and the laddering interviewing process. c. Statement of problems: To develop strategies for banks is to get people to pay online which was drawn a sample of 369 consumers from two universities in Kwazulu-Natal. Universities were chosen because they are an untapped e-commerce market segment. Workers at universities fit the profile of typical Internet users. Data were collected a used tissue based on survey. Statistical analysis has revealed that more men have used Internet banking than females. Automated telling machines custom was far greater than Internet banking usage. A large percentage of Internet bankers have used the service for burying account transfers and balance test / statements. Safety was the main issue for not paying in-line. Potential customers who have wanted guaranteed safety and loyalty rewards to get them to pay online. Internet banking has the potential to grow among tertiary institution workers. Some of the problems are explained below: Negotiation / Farms Explorers Risk Negotiation / edited risk arises holdings of dizziness, the error, system interruption, or other unexpected events that result in the inability of the institution to provide products or services. This risk exists in every product and service offered. The amount of the negotiated risk is influenced by the structure of the processing environment of the institution, including the types of services offered and the complexity of procedures and supporting technology. Credit Risk In general, the credit risk of a financial institution to mere fact not equal, that a loan will be produced by an e-banking channel. However, management should consider providing an effective management information systems, including assuring the performance of portfolios produced bear pursued through e-banking channels. LIQUIDITY, INTEREST RATE, PRICE / MARKET RISKS The Funding and investment-related risks could increase with the e-banking initiatives of an institution that depends on the volatility and judgmental of the acquired deposits. The Internet provides institutions with the ability to bring to the global market their products and services. On Internet-based advertising programs can effectively yield-focused investors with potentially high-adapted resulting deposits. But Internet-produced deposits have the potential to attract customers, which may focus exclusively on rates, and a source of funding with risk characteristics that are similar to deposits has provided care. An institution may, by this potential volatility and its extensive geographical reach agreement and deposit account control to open the practice of personal meetings and involve the exchange of paper correspondence is expected. COMPLIANCE / LEGAL RISK Compliance and legal issues arising from the rapid growth in usage of e-banking is based, and the differences between electronic and paper methods. E-banking is essentially a new delivery channel where the laws and rules that may govern the electronic delivery of certain financial institution products or services to be ambiguous or even developing. Governing laws and regulations, consumers bargaining, require specific types of disclosures, notes, recordings or tours of conditions. These conditions also apply to e-banking and federal banking agencies continue to update consumer laws and regulations, the impact of electronic banking and online customer relationships to reflect. STRATEGIC RISK A committee should understand the financial institution and manage the risks that are associated with e-banking services and the emerging risk management costs against the potential return on investment-bank Offered in essential services evaluated. Poor e-banking planning and investment decisions are to increase the strategic risk of a financial institution. Early adopters of the new e-banking services can be as forerunners who may expect to establish the needs of their customers, but by then incur higher costs and increased complexity in their decision. REPUTATION RISK One institution, e-banking services to offer, especially the more complex transactional services and significant increases in its level of reputation risk make risked. Some of the inputs, which e-banking affect the reputation of an institution may include, loss of confidence due to unauthorized activity on customer accounts disclosure or theft of confidential customer information to unauthorized parties(e.g. hackers), failure to marketing requirements, supply, failure to provide reliable service on the basis of the frequency, or duration of service interruption, customer complaints about the difficulty in e-banking practices and the inability of essential services desk to resolve problems, and confusion between services that are provided by the financial institution and the services which has been supplied by other businesses, which has been linked from the site. d. Purpose of Study E-Commerce revolutionized the way business is headed. New business models to replace outdated and organizations to think of business processes and customer relationship management strategies drafts. Banks are no exception to this transformation. This study examines the views of bankers on providing banking services to help customers use the tissue. Specifically, it speaks expenditure, such as the strategic need for Internet banking, its effect on client-bank relationships, and the experiences of customers in internet banking. Advantages of internet banking to banks I. Cost savings Orr (1999) states, the electronic processing dramatically reduce the cost per procedure, according DiDio (1998), the average transaction cost at a full service bank about $ 1.07. It reduced to $ 0.27 an ATMS and falls to a penny if the same transaction is conducted on the fabric. Also, there are opportunities for banks to hand over customer invoices electronically. The cost to deliver invoices to be electronically much lower than when the bill was in paper form, which has been delivered through the mail. Irvine (1999) states, the electronic bill presentation costs 40% less than paper delivery. These cost savings can offer customer pays, and similar reduced costs of the banking system and still provides effective and differentiated services. II. Loyal customers Loyal customers have in a new study that was conducted by Forrester Research, 61% of respondents claimed that if their banks offered financial services that they wanted, they would prefer the service of the Bank use. With this knowledge of the Offering consumers interest in mind to move banks, a hub of financial services including bill presentation and payment, financial planning, estate planning, insurance, loans, and brokerage services. The Internet allows for these converging financial services not previously available in one central location. III. Offer additional services Do you offer additional services as mentioned above, to move many banks to offer customers a financial portal? This portal concept offers banks a new role in the business of serving customers. Simply an Internet presence has not supplied one income stream banks. However, by offering a wide array of products and services that can benefit from internet banking integration. By creating financial portal where consumers can manage a wide range of financial activities, such as stocks and mortgages, banks can benefit from offering Internet capabilities to help customers (Wah, 1999). IV. Internet Profit Generation E-commerce, if properly integrated into existing banking operations can lead to significant cost savings and higher profitability. Find cost savings due to automate customer negotiations, such as fund transfers, payments, account balance inquiries etc. Strategic alliances with insurance companies, mortgage companies and stock brokerage firms can lead to additional business opportunities that will otherwise go unfulfilled. In addition, banks can retain customers more effectively if offering services, the value-addition are. High-profit customers, which some studies suggest that entice the demographic of internet banking customers. Wells Fargo Bank online customers have an annual median income of $ 75,000 with higher education levels than the average wells Fargo customer (Hoffman, 1999a). Also this group of customers is more profitable than the bricks-and-mortar counterparts. They generate 50% more income than the average wells Fargo customer, holds a 20% increase in balance, yet uses 50% product, and its wear rate is 50% of the total wear rate. Furthermore, on average, it costs 14% less compared to those customers bricks-and-mortar customers (Time well and Kung, wait 1999). Advantages of internet banking to consumers A. Cost savings Cyberspace is cheaper to operate than brick and mortar structure, and this cost advantage can often be further passed to consumers. The Internet Banking cost structure allows consumers to receive cost savings, and financial benefits for depositing online. A comparison of the (e-banking) and depositing one (parent bank a brick and mortar bank) offers an illustration of this point. For checking accounts Wingspan offers an interest rate of 4.5% interest, which is compared, one1%deposit.It also offers more options begins in the mortgage and insurance, with 60 loaning companies and 15 insurance salesmen. It also offers customers an advantage over to his parent in the field of electronic bill payment, which offers the service for no extra charge, while depositing, one invites $ 4.95 per month (, 1999). B. Access to additional services On Basic transactional web sites allows customers to check account adjustments, possession and new banking statements. Systems that allow customers to initiate negotiations on-line, such as transferring money between accounts or making payments, provides customers additional benefits. These elevated sites allow customers to pay bills to request and review loans and mortgages, credit cards and checking accounts. The financial institutions that offer extensive online services, well, are set to be a leader (Hickman, 1999). By offering this great umbrella of the service trust of one who pays the institution, these companies can save a larger share of the financial transaction from a customer. C. A good shopping stop: Banks, adds real time loan applications, added the ability to make IRA investments, the opportunity to trade shares through their websites. The tendency for flocking that is pays predicted to shape the future of Internet banking on. This concept of one-stop shopping is convenient and leads to more satisfied customers. 2. Literature review In literature review I shall discuss the following: a) Critical review of the literature as Use of relevant literature b) Evidence of understanding the ideas expressed c) Develop a critical focus Critical Review of the literature: Paying online or Internet offers consumers and business like the convenience of managing banking and financial responsibilities of home A. Online banking can also be a lifeline for those who can not leave his house, or may live in rural areas where access can be restricted to banks. To be able to check your bank, savings and justify Digital Banking customers have a range of internet banks have to meet those needs to ensure customer loyalty. Consequently, change Internet banking services in general, and on finding feedback paid online services are important to this book. Our investigations of online banks allow you to compare internet banks and to find the best service that is available with investigations of Lloyd internet banking, a paid online, a HSBC and Barclays internet charges among others. If you are Internet banking, please send us your internet, the review and makes known repaying us your thoughts and experiences of the personal Internet banking INTERNET BANKING SERVICES AND FEATURES i. Checking your balance and statements online ii. Fund Transfers iii. Bill Payments iv. Managing savings and current account v. Cards service vi. Order cheque and books request vii. Please ask for stop cheque payments viii. Fixed Deposit accommodation ix. Requested by the Statement Internet distribution strategy decisions These are the key strategic decisions for e-marketing with strategic choices for traditional marketing. They engage in selective target customer groups and giving, how to deliver value to these groups. Segmentation that aim is to have differentiation and positioning of the entire key to effective digital marketing; the main thrust of the e-marketing strategy is takes decisions on the selective targeting of client groups and different forms of value delivery for online channels. It is a similar issue with e-buyer strategies see link at the footer of the article. In an e-marketing context, we can say: a. E-marketing strategy is a channel strategy. b. Specific e-marketing objectives must be set adoption rate of e-channels have been compared to other channels for different audiences. c. E-channel strategies thrive on creating a different value for all parties to a negotiated. d. But E-channel does not exist in isolation, so we still need to manage channel integration, and acknowledges that the adoption of e-channels will not be suitable for all products or services or generates sufficient value for all partners. Thus E-marketing strategy is defined as we should: a) Communicate the benefits of using e-channel. b) Guide Put priority on public or partners for e-channel adoption of third targeted. Set priority products and has sold through e-channel purchased. c) Achieve our goals through e-channel tactics for online customer acquisition, conversion (conspiracy) and retention. A strategic option exists to replicate offline segmentation, which aims at a differentiated manner, and in the online channels. While this is relatively easy to run the company will likely lose market share, compared with more nimble competitors who modify their approach to online channels. An example of a strategy makes no grocery shopping, where some pet shops have released to all parts of the country or not, not providing the service in general. These supermarkets will lose customers to the most enthusiastic adopters of online channels, such as Tesco and Sainsbury; the victory will be difficult to be back sides in future. Segmentation / strategy aimed at company online customers have different demographic characteristics, needs and offline behavior to its customers. It follows that different approaches may be required to segmentation, and specific sectors may be choosy need to be targeted. The manner / the online product differentiation strategy competitors and service offerings are often different in the online environment. Develop a suitable online value proposition is as below describe an important aspect of this strategy. Has many examples of online information is based on the lower costs achieved distinction in and retaining online customers, which are then passed to customers. Examples include: Retailers offering lower prices online. For example Tesco (price promotions on selected products), Comet (discounted when compared to in store on some products) Lower cost airlines offers flights to online bookings. Examples: easy Jet, Ryan air, BA. Financial services firms offering higher interest rates on savings products, its lower interest rates on credit products such as credit cards and loans. Examples: Nationally, federal and Leicester. Mobile phone network provider or Utilities, the lower cost of fares or discounts offered for customer accounts that are managed online paperless billing. Examples: O2, British Gas. Other options for differentiation are available on-line for companies where their products are not suitable for sale online, such as high value or complex products or FMCG brands sold by retailers. These companies may use online to add the brand or the product value by provide additional value services or different types of experience. 1. Online CRM strategy: It will focus on various aspects of the customer life cycle for online customers in terms of: Acquisitions Strategies, attract new customers to a company, and existing customers about online channels, to migrate. Separate targets should be set for each. Retention using online channels proliferate, retention, and value of the customer company. Reactivation encouraging continued use of online channels from customers that have passed, for example, had online or home shopping service, buys the service, but has now stopped. This may be driven by setting targets for% active customers. Customer knowledge (familiarity) learning more about the customer through profiling and monitoring of behavior. 2. Online value proposition strategy: It defines the value proposal for the acquisition and retention, engage with customers is online. Close communicative and promotional incentives which use to encourage trial. Program also defines the value creation through time for example, white papers are available for example monthly or seasonal sales promotions made. 3. Online has targeted range strategy. Objective: Communicate with relevant online audiences to achieve communication goals. The communications typically include: building brand awareness and favorability build impulsive online purchase, growing offline purchase intent, list or migrating existing customers to online channels. Focus: New customer acquisition: Communication strategy with selected sections of online customers through media buying, PR, is to sending e-mail, viral campaigns and sponsorship or partnership arrangements. Driven by goals of the online audience is share and number of visitors placed in different sections. The strategy may involve: A. To drive visitors to the company office B. To achieves brand awareness and interactions on third sites. C. Building brand awareness, favorability and purchase intent on third may be a more effective strategy for low participation FMCG brands, where it will be difficult to encourage visitors to the site. D. Offline has targeted range strategy. Encourage Target: Potential customers who use online channels that Visit site and performed where relevant. Focus: New customer acquisition and migration of existing customers online. Strategy to communicate with selected customers, divide by offline direct marketing, media buying, PR and sponsorship, driven by goals of the online audience share and number of visitors placed in different sections. E. Offline Sales Impact Objective Strategy: Use on-line communications, sales achieved by offline channels. Focus: Achieving sales off-line (new or existing customers may be defined) strategy, such as on-line communications through the website and the e-mail offline sales i.e. influenced by phone, mail or in-shop can. F. Online Sales Efficiency Strategy Objective: Job visitors turn to buy Focus: Achievement sales online (may encourage new or existing customers to be) For transactional e-commerce jobs, a strategy that point visitors to purchase online mercantile, promotions, etc. For other types of agencies multiplying conversion factors leads. As part of this strategy options to convert visitors to action, exploring reduce (or attribution installments) is, i.e. first-time buyer promotions, job design improvements, website and landing page optimization. Triggered event, has e-mails are used automatically to convert potential sales to sales. Introduction: Although cost in retail banking in Europe is confronted with quite similar challenges and changes that are changing responses considerable. 1. This shows the changes in the strategic orientation: Which are apart from walking organization structures by individual banks and different characteristics of national markets? The operating authority and the capitalization of banks play an important role in the selection of a suitable banking strategy. Country-specific factors include customer benefits, the degree of competition and informal legal framework, among other things, a. This article focuses on retail banking strategies. The emphasis is on retail banking in the broadest sense of the word. In fact, many banks have re-discovered in the retail cost, which pays for the collapse, charges of operating and investing activities and the fall in stock prices over the last few years. In section two we begin with a brief summary of known trends in banking. Sections three to four focuses on domestic and international banking strategies, respectively. Both sections have the same statement. The first part describes the retail banking strategies in general. The second part of the business with strategic positioning of the Rabobank Group and explains how Rabobank Group with these general trends and challenges overcome. 2. General trends in European banking Which will be depositing the Europeans who pays the countryside, continue to experience dramatic change over the next few years (see McDonald. Trends affecting the banking industry include privatization, regulation and supervision, demographic factors, a technological innovation yet the EMU and the importance of propagating sustainable banking. The privatization of banks is high on the agenda in France, Germany and Italy. As the influence of government relations in competitive weight loss financial sector, and in the banking industry in particular, is experiencing significant change. Developments in regulation and supervision affect the banking industry through various Channels. It was not until deregulation of the financial sector will continue to eat away the barriers that deny access to the market for new suppliers of financial products. On the other hand, we see an increase in national legislation, particularly in the area of consumer protection. Regarding supervision, the new BIS capital adequacy rules, tremendous impact on the all banking business have. The combination of an aging population in Europe and financial constraints on state pensions will be a surge in filling retirement benefit plans to produce. These various developments are the implications for traditional forms of saving and, therefore, for the financing activities of banks have. In this respect, an analyst strong growth among institutional investors, including pension schemes before. 1. Does German bank Research for an analysis of banking strategies in European countries. 2. Argue that technological developments are fundamentally changing the cost structure, output mix and distribution channels of banks. Actually, he goes too far say that the developments in information technology the most fundamental force for change in the financial sector. Those procedures for deeper and more liquid markets resulting from EMU main euro will continue for some time. These will increasingly cheaper and easier for medium and large corporate do, raise money directly in these markets instead of borrowing from banks. Finally, the growing importance is sustainable banking is a tendency that can not be denied. Banks will judge on their apparent social and selected environmental responsibility by customers and investors. 3. All these driving forces behind the structural changes in the Europeans, pays the industry not only has an independent effect on the structure of the market, but also acts on each other and thus enhance can. These factors include far-reaching implications for the market structure, the characteristics, such as: concentration, capacity, competition, efficiency and profitability. There is competition among banks but also between banks and other things, the new financial intermediaries to be strengthened. 4. Internal strategy of costs in retail banking. This section describes strategies in general. The strategic vision and the election of the Rabobank Group are discussed in section 3.2. 3.1 Inside strategic options, strategies Deposit, improve performance, and grow in domestic markets, can in three Main categories are divided: To distinguish A. Cost reduction B. Income growth or organic C. Associations, and acquisitions and cost reduction frets A. Different costs, the strategies can reduce as regular as thin down, multi channeling, and outside-in and co-sourcing. Thin down refer to the assessments of banks of ways to improve their internal cost structure, and to increase efficiency. This takes place when economic conditions are unfavorable, and happens every few years. New elections are on priorities and the bands of the working staff is close been investigated by the bank. Other companies, banks tend to grow fat in prosperous times, is usually compensated for in an economic downturn. An additional driver for cost reduction is the current trend of changing distribution channels that are caused by ICT innovations. Banks will be forced to invest heavily in ICT to stay competitive. Most banks now use a multiple approach in guiding the distribution of their products and the maintenance of their customers. Use branches, telephone, ATM and Internet all at once. The public has a massive shot to the new (direct) channels, which have r educed the number of visits to the bank itself, the development of customer and a blueprint for the future. This change provides customers preferred a great opportunity to reduce the cost of relatively expensive branch network to. Many banks are therefore currently re-examining their distribution processes. However, ICT investments are high and therefore it is increasingly important for banks to organize their back offices in the most effective way. Sufficient scale to reduce unit, or transaction costs are the key. Banks can choose from several strategies to optimize their back office activities: co-sourcing, in sourcing to stock and white labeling off. Co-sourcing is the caterer of back office platform with another bank. In sourcing means the back office operations for other parties running in order to realize sufficient scale. Outsourcing is the order of activities and buying them back from other companies. White Label states the production of products for others, mostly non-financial parties without a label. 5. within organizations, can set up to scale economies of shared customer service centers are met. Shared customer centers show the interlocking of back office operations of several subsidiaries. They can be seen as an internal coor in sourcing initiatives. 6. This strategy is described under the income increases, the strategies. Technically speaking depend, is the preferred strategy Art sourcing mainly on the shape of cost curves for a certain product, the position of the bank on that curve, and the price of the option. 7. There are three hypothetical cost curves from the shape of the curves may differ for different products, because the relationship between fixed and Variablekosten varies per product. The curves do not necessarily show a continuous downward slope with wax volumes, since likely at some point need new investments to be treated, propagation, characterized scale. Theoretically, therefore, can lead insourcing, intuitive results counter: multiplying unit cost. The position of the cost curves can also differ between countries, which are the main driver behind the current trend of outsourcing ICT activities to low wage countries such as India. Expect 2 Hypothetical devel Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking 1. Introduction It includes the following topics: a. A clear statement of the purpose of the thesis b. Reasons for the study c. Statement of problems d. Purpose of the study a. The purpose of the thesis: If students have to write their M.B.A theses, which make a large number of significant errors, this is the main reason why their projects return for audit. Disappointed and falls, they need to proofread and to work for their dissertations. It has taken so much time for them to write their dissertations, and now they should start from the exact beginning. I shall show you how to avoid failure in the basic thesis and is, as you know about this failure. The most important thing about the dissertation writing is that you should understand clearly the purpose of the letter. The main purpose of writing of a dissertation is to provide a student with an opportunity to discover something new in the field of investigation. If the student can lead a deep, wise and profound Research, and can draw a clear conclusion about his / her research with any discoveries that present in the final dissertation, he reached the end. One more important thing is to writing a thesis that you should know about th e latest discoveries in the field of investigation. That purpose, writing a dissertation, can be achieved through lectures and analysis of relevant sources thesis. A student should be aware of the position of the writer and should appreciate the critical position. There is no doubt that you will succeed in your dissertation, if you know the main purpose of writing a dissertation, which will be presented by me. Apply for M.B.A dissertation to get a piece of good advice. M.B.A dissertation is always willing to help you. For many courses forms part of a dissertation is to complete study for a degree. For some courses it is linked with work experience. It provides you with an opportunity to take a piece of individual research work and to really examine an aspect of the theme that you are studying closely. b. Reasons for the investigation: There are opportunities for the effective use of the Internet with regard to the banking industry. It is shown that may cause the appropriate application of todays cutting-edge technology at a significant competitive advantage for banks. This is illustrated by a scenario that focuses on the potentials of advising on the Internet. For many consumers, electronic banking means 24-hour access to redeem with an automated counter machine (ATMS), or direct deposit of paychecks for the checking or savings accounts. But electronic banking now involved many different types of negotiations. Electronic banking, also known as electronic funds transfer (EFT), uses computer and electronic technology as a replacement for paper checks and other negotiations. EFTS is initiated through devices like cards or codes that you can, or that you authorize to accesses your account. Many financial institutions use ATM or debit cards and personal identification numbers (NEEDLES) for this purpose. One uses other forms of payment cards such as those that require the most, your signature or a check. The federal Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFT Act) covers some electronic consumer negotiations. Although Internet banking has been widely adopted in developed countries, there is a group of customers resisting the services. In other words, Internet banking, although proven to be a successful innovation is not yet adopted by the laggards have become, and therefore have all the expectations of banks did not hit. Therefore, the purpose of dissertation is to identify the reasons for the sales resistance to Internet banking. The special interest is to explore resistance among those who pay a customer who already has valid contracts for Internet, but preferably pays, pay their bills through ATMs. The goal is to identify the characteristics that generate resistance to Internet banking and their connections to values of individuals. To achieve the objective, 30 Finnish bank customers have used the detail ed Central finished interviewing approach and the laddering interviewing process. c. Statement of problems: To develop strategies for banks is to get people to pay online which was drawn a sample of 369 consumers from two universities in Kwazulu-Natal. Universities were chosen because they are an untapped e-commerce market segment. Workers at universities fit the profile of typical Internet users. Data were collected a used tissue based on survey. Statistical analysis has revealed that more men have used Internet banking than females. Automated telling machines custom was far greater than Internet banking usage. A large percentage of Internet bankers have used the service for burying account transfers and balance test / statements. Safety was the main issue for not paying in-line. Potential customers who have wanted guaranteed safety and loyalty rewards to get them to pay online. Internet banking has the potential to grow among tertiary institution workers. Some of the problems are explained below: Negotiation / Farms Explorers Risk Negotiation / edited risk arises holdings of dizziness, the error, system interruption, or other unexpected events that result in the inability of the institution to provide products or services. This risk exists in every product and service offered. The amount of the negotiated risk is influenced by the structure of the processing environment of the institution, including the types of services offered and the complexity of procedures and supporting technology. Credit Risk In general, the credit risk of a financial institution to mere fact not equal, that a loan will be produced by an e-banking channel. However, management should consider providing an effective management information systems, including assuring the performance of portfolios produced bear pursued through e-banking channels. LIQUIDITY, INTEREST RATE, PRICE / MARKET RISKS The Funding and investment-related risks could increase with the e-banking initiatives of an institution that depends on the volatility and judgmental of the acquired deposits. The Internet provides institutions with the ability to bring to the global market their products and services. On Internet-based advertising programs can effectively yield-focused investors with potentially high-adapted resulting deposits. But Internet-produced deposits have the potential to attract customers, which may focus exclusively on rates, and a source of funding with risk characteristics that are similar to deposits has provided care. An institution may, by this potential volatility and its extensive geographical reach agreement and deposit account control to open the practice of personal meetings and involve the exchange of paper correspondence is expected. COMPLIANCE / LEGAL RISK Compliance and legal issues arising from the rapid growth in usage of e-banking is based, and the differences between electronic and paper methods. E-banking is essentially a new delivery channel where the laws and rules that may govern the electronic delivery of certain financial institution products or services to be ambiguous or even developing. Governing laws and regulations, consumers bargaining, require specific types of disclosures, notes, recordings or tours of conditions. These conditions also apply to e-banking and federal banking agencies continue to update consumer laws and regulations, the impact of electronic banking and online customer relationships to reflect. STRATEGIC RISK A committee should understand the financial institution and manage the risks that are associated with e-banking services and the emerging risk management costs against the potential return on investment-bank Offered in essential services evaluated. Poor e-banking planning and investment decisions are to increase the strategic risk of a financial institution. Early adopters of the new e-banking services can be as forerunners who may expect to establish the needs of their customers, but by then incur higher costs and increased complexity in their decision. REPUTATION RISK One institution, e-banking services to offer, especially the more complex transactional services and significant increases in its level of reputation risk make risked. Some of the inputs, which e-banking affect the reputation of an institution may include, loss of confidence due to unauthorized activity on customer accounts disclosure or theft of confidential customer information to unauthorized parties(e.g. hackers), failure to marketing requirements, supply, failure to provide reliable service on the basis of the frequency, or duration of service interruption, customer complaints about the difficulty in e-banking practices and the inability of essential services desk to resolve problems, and confusion between services that are provided by the financial institution and the services which has been supplied by other businesses, which has been linked from the site. d. Purpose of Study E-Commerce revolutionized the way business is headed. New business models to replace outdated and organizations to think of business processes and customer relationship management strategies drafts. Banks are no exception to this transformation. This study examines the views of bankers on providing banking services to help customers use the tissue. Specifically, it speaks expenditure, such as the strategic need for Internet banking, its effect on client-bank relationships, and the experiences of customers in internet banking. Advantages of internet banking to banks I. Cost savings Orr (1999) states, the electronic processing dramatically reduce the cost per procedure, according DiDio (1998), the average transaction cost at a full service bank about $ 1.07. It reduced to $ 0.27 an ATMS and falls to a penny if the same transaction is conducted on the fabric. Also, there are opportunities for banks to hand over customer invoices electronically. The cost to deliver invoices to be electronically much lower than when the bill was in paper form, which has been delivered through the mail. Irvine (1999) states, the electronic bill presentation costs 40% less than paper delivery. These cost savings can offer customer pays, and similar reduced costs of the banking system and still provides effective and differentiated services. II. Loyal customers Loyal customers have in a new study that was conducted by Forrester Research, 61% of respondents claimed that if their banks offered financial services that they wanted, they would prefer the service of the Bank use. With this knowledge of the Offering consumers interest in mind to move banks, a hub of financial services including bill presentation and payment, financial planning, estate planning, insurance, loans, and brokerage services. The Internet allows for these converging financial services not previously available in one central location. III. Offer additional services Do you offer additional services as mentioned above, to move many banks to offer customers a financial portal? This portal concept offers banks a new role in the business of serving customers. Simply an Internet presence has not supplied one income stream banks. However, by offering a wide array of products and services that can benefit from internet banking integration. By creating financial portal where consumers can manage a wide range of financial activities, such as stocks and mortgages, banks can benefit from offering Internet capabilities to help customers (Wah, 1999). IV. Internet Profit Generation E-commerce, if properly integrated into existing banking operations can lead to significant cost savings and higher profitability. Find cost savings due to automate customer negotiations, such as fund transfers, payments, account balance inquiries etc. Strategic alliances with insurance companies, mortgage companies and stock brokerage firms can lead to additional business opportunities that will otherwise go unfulfilled. In addition, banks can retain customers more effectively if offering services, the value-addition are. High-profit customers, which some studies suggest that entice the demographic of internet banking customers. Wells Fargo Bank online customers have an annual median income of $ 75,000 with higher education levels than the average wells Fargo customer (Hoffman, 1999a). Also this group of customers is more profitable than the bricks-and-mortar counterparts. They generate 50% more income than the average wells Fargo customer, holds a 20% increase in balance, yet uses 50% product, and its wear rate is 50% of the total wear rate. Furthermore, on average, it costs 14% less compared to those customers bricks-and-mortar customers (Time well and Kung, wait 1999). Advantages of internet banking to consumers A. Cost savings Cyberspace is cheaper to operate than brick and mortar structure, and this cost advantage can often be further passed to consumers. The Internet Banking cost structure allows consumers to receive cost savings, and financial benefits for depositing online. A comparison of the (e-banking) and depositing one (parent bank a brick and mortar bank) offers an illustration of this point. For checking accounts Wingspan offers an interest rate of 4.5% interest, which is compared, one1%deposit.It also offers more options begins in the mortgage and insurance, with 60 loaning companies and 15 insurance salesmen. It also offers customers an advantage over to his parent in the field of electronic bill payment, which offers the service for no extra charge, while depositing, one invites $ 4.95 per month (, 1999). B. Access to additional services On Basic transactional web sites allows customers to check account adjustments, possession and new banking statements. Systems that allow customers to initiate negotiations on-line, such as transferring money between accounts or making payments, provides customers additional benefits. These elevated sites allow customers to pay bills to request and review loans and mortgages, credit cards and checking accounts. The financial institutions that offer extensive online services, well, are set to be a leader (Hickman, 1999). By offering this great umbrella of the service trust of one who pays the institution, these companies can save a larger share of the financial transaction from a customer. C. A good shopping stop: Banks, adds real time loan applications, added the ability to make IRA investments, the opportunity to trade shares through their websites. The tendency for flocking that is pays predicted to shape the future of Internet banking on. This concept of one-stop shopping is convenient and leads to more satisfied customers. 2. Literature review In literature review I shall discuss the following: a) Critical review of the literature as Use of relevant literature b) Evidence of understanding the ideas expressed c) Develop a critical focus Critical Review of the literature: Paying online or Internet offers consumers and business like the convenience of managing banking and financial responsibilities of home A. Online banking can also be a lifeline for those who can not leave his house, or may live in rural areas where access can be restricted to banks. To be able to check your bank, savings and justify Digital Banking customers have a range of internet banks have to meet those needs to ensure customer loyalty. Consequently, change Internet banking services in general, and on finding feedback paid online services are important to this book. Our investigations of online banks allow you to compare internet banks and to find the best service that is available with investigations of Lloyd internet banking, a paid online, a HSBC and Barclays internet charges among others. If you are Internet banking, please send us your internet, the review and makes known repaying us your thoughts and experiences of the personal Internet banking INTERNET BANKING SERVICES AND FEATURES i. Checking your balance and statements online ii. Fund Transfers iii. Bill Payments iv. Managing savings and current account v. Cards service vi. Order cheque and books request vii. Please ask for stop cheque payments viii. Fixed Deposit accommodation ix. Requested by the Statement Internet distribution strategy decisions These are the key strategic decisions for e-marketing with strategic choices for traditional marketing. They engage in selective target customer groups and giving, how to deliver value to these groups. Segmentation that aim is to have differentiation and positioning of the entire key to effective digital marketing; the main thrust of the e-marketing strategy is takes decisions on the selective targeting of client groups and different forms of value delivery for online channels. It is a similar issue with e-buyer strategies see link at the footer of the article. In an e-marketing context, we can say: a. E-marketing strategy is a channel strategy. b. Specific e-marketing objectives must be set adoption rate of e-channels have been compared to other channels for different audiences. c. E-channel strategies thrive on creating a different value for all parties to a negotiated. d. But E-channel does not exist in isolation, so we still need to manage channel integration, and acknowledges that the adoption of e-channels will not be suitable for all products or services or generates sufficient value for all partners. Thus E-marketing strategy is defined as we should: a) Communicate the benefits of using e-channel. b) Guide Put priority on public or partners for e-channel adoption of third targeted. Set priority products and has sold through e-channel purchased. c) Achieve our goals through e-channel tactics for online customer acquisition, conversion (conspiracy) and retention. A strategic option exists to replicate offline segmentation, which aims at a differentiated manner, and in the online channels. While this is relatively easy to run the company will likely lose market share, compared with more nimble competitors who modify their approach to online channels. An example of a strategy makes no grocery shopping, where some pet shops have released to all parts of the country or not, not providing the service in general. These supermarkets will lose customers to the most enthusiastic adopters of online channels, such as Tesco and Sainsbury; the victory will be difficult to be back sides in future. Segmentation / strategy aimed at company online customers have different demographic characteristics, needs and offline behavior to its customers. It follows that different approaches may be required to segmentation, and specific sectors may be choosy need to be targeted. The manner / the online product differentiation strategy competitors and service offerings are often different in the online environment. Develop a suitable online value proposition is as below describe an important aspect of this strategy. Has many examples of online information is based on the lower costs achieved distinction in and retaining online customers, which are then passed to customers. Examples include: Retailers offering lower prices online. For example Tesco (price promotions on selected products), Comet (discounted when compared to in store on some products) Lower cost airlines offers flights to online bookings. Examples: easy Jet, Ryan air, BA. Financial services firms offering higher interest rates on savings products, its lower interest rates on credit products such as credit cards and loans. Examples: Nationally, federal and Leicester. Mobile phone network provider or Utilities, the lower cost of fares or discounts offered for customer accounts that are managed online paperless billing. Examples: O2, British Gas. Other options for differentiation are available on-line for companies where their products are not suitable for sale online, such as high value or complex products or FMCG brands sold by retailers. These companies may use online to add the brand or the product value by provide additional value services or different types of experience. 1. Online CRM strategy: It will focus on various aspects of the customer life cycle for online customers in terms of: Acquisitions Strategies, attract new customers to a company, and existing customers about online channels, to migrate. Separate targets should be set for each. Retention using online channels proliferate, retention, and value of the customer company. Reactivation encouraging continued use of online channels from customers that have passed, for example, had online or home shopping service, buys the service, but has now stopped. This may be driven by setting targets for% active customers. Customer knowledge (familiarity) learning more about the customer through profiling and monitoring of behavior. 2. Online value proposition strategy: It defines the value proposal for the acquisition and retention, engage with customers is online. Close communicative and promotional incentives which use to encourage trial. Program also defines the value creation through time for example, white papers are available for example monthly or seasonal sales promotions made. 3. Online has targeted range strategy. Objective: Communicate with relevant online audiences to achieve communication goals. The communications typically include: building brand awareness and favorability build impulsive online purchase, growing offline purchase intent, list or migrating existing customers to online channels. Focus: New customer acquisition: Communication strategy with selected sections of online customers through media buying, PR, is to sending e-mail, viral campaigns and sponsorship or partnership arrangements. Driven by goals of the online audience is share and number of visitors placed in different sections. The strategy may involve: A. To drive visitors to the company office B. To achieves brand awareness and interactions on third sites. C. Building brand awareness, favorability and purchase intent on third may be a more effective strategy for low participation FMCG brands, where it will be difficult to encourage visitors to the site. D. Offline has targeted range strategy. Encourage Target: Potential customers who use online channels that Visit site and performed where relevant. Focus: New customer acquisition and migration of existing customers online. Strategy to communicate with selected customers, divide by offline direct marketing, media buying, PR and sponsorship, driven by goals of the online audience share and number of visitors placed in different sections. E. Offline Sales Impact Objective Strategy: Use on-line communications, sales achieved by offline channels. Focus: Achieving sales off-line (new or existing customers may be defined) strategy, such as on-line communications through the website and the e-mail offline sales i.e. influenced by phone, mail or in-shop can. F. Online Sales Efficiency Strategy Objective: Job visitors turn to buy Focus: Achievement sales online (may encourage new or existing customers to be) For transactional e-commerce jobs, a strategy that point visitors to purchase online mercantile, promotions, etc. For other types of agencies multiplying conversion factors leads. As part of this strategy options to convert visitors to action, exploring reduce (or attribution installments) is, i.e. first-time buyer promotions, job design improvements, website and landing page optimization. Triggered event, has e-mails are used automatically to convert potential sales to sales. Introduction: Although cost in retail banking in Europe is confronted with quite similar challenges and changes that are changing responses considerable. 1. This shows the changes in the strategic orientation: Which are apart from walking organization structures by individual banks and different characteristics of national markets? The operating authority and the capitalization of banks play an important role in the selection of a suitable banking strategy. Country-specific factors include customer benefits, the degree of competition and informal legal framework, among other things, a. This article focuses on retail banking strategies. The emphasis is on retail banking in the broadest sense of the word. In fact, many banks have re-discovered in the retail cost, which pays for the collapse, charges of operating and investing activities and the fall in stock prices over the last few years. In section two we begin with a brief summary of known trends in banking. Sections three to four focuses on domestic and international banking strategies, respectively. Both sections have the same statement. The first part describes the retail banking strategies in general. The second part of the business with strategic positioning of the Rabobank Group and explains how Rabobank Group with these general trends and challenges overcome. 2. General trends in European banking Which will be depositing the Europeans who pays the countryside, continue to experience dramatic change over the next few years (see McDonald. Trends affecting the banking industry include privatization, regulation and supervision, demographic factors, a technological innovation yet the EMU and the importance of propagating sustainable banking. The privatization of banks is high on the agenda in France, Germany and Italy. As the influence of government relations in competitive weight loss financial sector, and in the banking industry in particular, is experiencing significant change. Developments in regulation and supervision affect the banking industry through various Channels. It was not until deregulation of the financial sector will continue to eat away the barriers that deny access to the market for new suppliers of financial products. On the other hand, we see an increase in national legislation, particularly in the area of consumer protection. Regarding supervision, the new BIS capital adequacy rules, tremendous impact on the all banking business have. The combination of an aging population in Europe and financial constraints on state pensions will be a surge in filling retirement benefit plans to produce. These various developments are the implications for traditional forms of saving and, therefore, for the financing activities of banks have. In this respect, an analyst strong growth among institutional investors, including pension schemes before. 1. Does German bank Research for an analysis of banking strategies in European countries. 2. Argue that technological developments are fundamentally changing the cost structure, output mix and distribution channels of banks. Actually, he goes too far say that the developments in information technology the most fundamental force for change in the financial sector. Those procedures for deeper and more liquid markets resulting from EMU main euro will continue for some time. These will increasingly cheaper and easier for medium and large corporate do, raise money directly in these markets instead of borrowing from banks. Finally, the growing importance is sustainable banking is a tendency that can not be denied. Banks will judge on their apparent social and selected environmental responsibility by customers and investors. 3. All these driving forces behind the structural changes in the Europeans, pays the industry not only has an independent effect on the structure of the market, but also acts on each other and thus enhance can. These factors include far-reaching implications for the market structure, the characteristics, such as: concentration, capacity, competition, efficiency and profitability. There is competition among banks but also between banks and other things, the new financial intermediaries to be strengthened. 4. Internal strategy of costs in retail banking. This section describes strategies in general. The strategic vision and the election of the Rabobank Group are discussed in section 3.2. 3.1 Inside strategic options, strategies Deposit, improve performance, and grow in domestic markets, can in three Main categories are divided: To distinguish A. Cost reduction B. Income growth or organic C. Associations, and acquisitions and cost reduction frets A. Different costs, the strategies can reduce as regular as thin down, multi channeling, and outside-in and co-sourcing. Thin down refer to the assessments of banks of ways to improve their internal cost structure, and to increase efficiency. This takes place when economic conditions are unfavorable, and happens every few years. New elections are on priorities and the bands of the working staff is close been investigated by the bank. Other companies, banks tend to grow fat in prosperous times, is usually compensated for in an economic downturn. An additional driver for cost reduction is the current trend of changing distribution channels that are caused by ICT innovations. Banks will be forced to invest heavily in ICT to stay competitive. Most banks now use a multiple approach in guiding the distribution of their products and the maintenance of their customers. Use branches, telephone, ATM and Internet all at once. The public has a massive shot to the new (direct) channels, which have r educed the number of visits to the bank itself, the development of customer and a blueprint for the future. This change provides customers preferred a great opportunity to reduce the cost of relatively expensive branch network to. Many banks are therefore currently re-examining their distribution processes. However, ICT investments are high and therefore it is increasingly important for banks to organize their back offices in the most effective way. Sufficient scale to reduce unit, or transaction costs are the key. Banks can choose from several strategies to optimize their back office activities: co-sourcing, in sourcing to stock and white labeling off. Co-sourcing is the caterer of back office platform with another bank. In sourcing means the back office operations for other parties running in order to realize sufficient scale. Outsourcing is the order of activities and buying them back from other companies. White Label states the production of products for others, mostly non-financial parties without a label. 5. within organizations, can set up to scale economies of shared customer service centers are met. Shared customer centers show the interlocking of back office operations of several subsidiaries. They can be seen as an internal coor in sourcing initiatives. 6. This strategy is described under the income increases, the strategies. Technically speaking depend, is the preferred strategy Art sourcing mainly on the shape of cost curves for a certain product, the position of the bank on that curve, and the price of the option. 7. There are three hypothetical cost curves from the shape of the curves may differ for different products, because the relationship between fixed and Variablekosten varies per product. The curves do not necessarily show a continuous downward slope with wax volumes, since likely at some point need new investments to be treated, propagation, characterized scale. Theoretically, therefore, can lead insourcing, intuitive results counter: multiplying unit cost. The position of the cost curves can also differ between countries, which are the main driver behind the current trend of outsourcing ICT activities to low wage countries such as India. Expect 2 Hypothetical devel