Analysis of the Coca-Cola Company Essay -- Business Management Soft Dr

Examination of the Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is the world's driving producer, advertiser and wholesaler of soda pop focuses and syrups. The Coca-Cola Company is the world's driving producer, advertiser and wholesaler of soda concentrates and syrups. The Company markets a significant number of the world's top soda pop brands, including Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. Through the world's biggest and generally unavoidable dissemination framework, shoppers in about 200 nations appreciate the Organization's items at a pace of more than one billion serving a day. On May 8, 1886, drug specialist John Stith Pemberton worked up fragrant caramel-hued syrup in a three legged metal pot. He conveyed a container of his new plan to the Jacobs' Pharmacy, Atlanta. On the following day, the new item appeared as a soft drink wellspring drink for five pennies a glass. Unintentionally or by configuration, carbonated water was blended in with the syrup which has made the world's most well known beverage. Pemberton's accomplice recommended the name Coca-cola and wrote the presently celebrated trademark in his extraordinary, streaming content. Midpoints of nine drinks were sold every day after the notice. Pemberton kicked the bucket in 1886 and Asa Candler started to buy the extraordinary portions of Coca-Cola. In 1893, Coca-Cola was enlisted in the United States and afterward further venture was put it to grow the business. To deal with the huge extent of its business, the Coca-Cola Company has isolated into six working units: Middle and Far East Groups, Europe, The Latin America Group, The North America, The Africa Group what's more, The Minute Maid Company. The head Quarter is in the United States. Techniques for Research I will utilize The technique for look into which I will utilize is the optional research, for example I have asked The Coca-Cola Company to send me their history and yearly reports. I will likewise call The Coca-Cola Company office to inquire a few subtleties, I will likewise utilize pose them some significant inquiries (poll strategy), meet the individuals on the high road and will do some examination over the Internet. From those sources I am going to complete my every single other errand. Assignment One E1 They kind of organizations 1. Private and Public undertaking 2. Restricted Liability 3. Diversifying I will characterize each sort of business with certain favorable circumstances and disservices. For The Coca-Cola Company ... ...in keeping the wheels of the business. The systems for upkeeps of the organization types of gear and so forth. They additionally goes about as a help backing of the organization, this implies if there is any enquiry by the clients, the clients will ring the helpdesk bolster and gripe about the items or any data that the clients need will be given by the this division. About the grumbles, these gripes will be move to the innovative work office to make the item better or to fix the issue the buyer having. These divisions are the most significant branch of The Coca-Cola Organization since they encourages the organization to meets the targets of The Coca-Cola Company for example enduring, consumer loyalty and make more benefits. As I said that the assistance work area division fulfill the client by giving the data they needs and taking the gripes and going to the innovative work offices who improves the items. The promoting offices are liable for advertising the items and publicizing the items and advancing the items. On the off chance that every one of these offices play out their obligation solidly, at that point the goals of The Coca-Cola Company will meets.

The Death Penalty Debate

The Death Penalty Debate Introduction:Capital discipline, or the execution of an individual by the state as discipline for a wrongdoing, has customarily assumed a significant job in the public eye's criminal equity framework. Anyway since the later 50% of twentieth century, most nations on the planet have abrogated capital punishment totally or in practice.Capital discipline is basically a mutual moral issue, as there are in any event two perspectives and it is the worry of the more extensive network and associations. Parts of social equity, fairness, singular rights and opportunity and general government assistance of different partners, principally the lawbreaker, are additionally installed in the discussion, affirming the network standard it involves. This issue of good concern additionally contains parts of individual morals, as a result of the social perspectives esteems and convictions that impact our perspective on it.History:Although most social orders have various convictions about discipline contin gent upon their convictions, in the medieval times, a real existence could rely on the impulse of a king.An advertisement from the Ecologist Green Party in Mexico pro...In Australia, during the underlying long stretches of colonization, our criminal equity framework recreated that of the British. This implied capital punishment was accessible for insignificant wrongdoings, for example, theft, sheep taking, falsification and rapes. Capital punishment was legitimate until 1985, with Queensland as the main state to cancel it, our last hanging in September 1913. As indicated by the Death Penalty Abolition Act of 1973, no states or domains in Australia can endorse capital punishment, which makes life detainment the most extreme authorization available.As of 2008, 112 nations have annulled capital punishment with just 83 nations holding it. There are just four nations which have reintroduced capital punishment - Nepal, Philippines, Gambia and PNG. Be that as it may, since rough wrongdoing s are not fit to live in a socialized society, the discussion of the death penalty is a disputable and progressing...

English Essay Topics For Class

English Essay Topics For ClassKnowing how to write an English essay topic for class is really very important. You can never say that you have the most creative ideas or the most brilliant idea in the world when it comes to English essay topics for class, but it is important to understand that your written works will be used as part of your personal education and that the best of your works will not be used by anyone else. If you think this to be too much of a hassle, you might want to consider this: if you did not write your own work, there would be no point in you writing your own work in the first place.Now that you understand the importance of having your work properly written, let us discuss some methods for finding good essays to write for English class. You can find many of these, and they are very useful and easy to use. There are thousands of these 'English Essay Topics for Class' websites, and you will be able to choose from them. In fact, you will only need to do a search o n Google for your topic, and you will get back a large number of results.For the most part, these websites will offer you a database of materials to help you learn how to write good quality essays. Some of these materials include worksheets, sample essays, workbooks, reading lists, and a whole host of other helpful things. The more you use these resources, the better chance you have of getting good material to start with.When you start looking at the writing material available for your writing requirements, you should be able to spot a pattern. This will allow you to identify a lot of the same writing tools that are used across the board, and it will also allow you to assess which particular writing tools will be useful for your specific needs. This means that you should be able to know where to find a good resource for writing essays with a certain topic!While some of these resources may actually specialize in teaching you how to write essays, they can still be useful for you when you need to research topics for a particular course or assignment. For example, if you need to do a research paper on some particular subject, you can often find sites that will offer you writing materials to assist you in making your research papers. These resources will also help you learn some basic grammar and sentence structure so that you can start writing your papers with a little bit of knowledge.There are many students who come to their English teacher's office because they do not even know how to write a good essay, and many of these students are struggling with grammar and spelling. If you know how to use these resource materials, you will be able to teach your English teacher how to teach your students proper spelling and grammar. For the most part, these materials will also guide you through the basics of how to use a dictionary to help you write good essays.The more you use these writing tools, the more comfortable you will become with the task of writing and completin g a writing assignment. With enough practice, you should be able to go a few weeks without having to write an essay on the topic you need. While this is a luxury that most students do not enjoy, it is still important that you keep these resources at the ready so that you will always have access to them.Knowing how to write an essay is a great idea, but you need to be sure that your English teacher is comfortable with you learning how to write in the first place. If your teacher is not willing to give you free reign over your works, it may be a good idea to look for a different English teacher. This is something that is not only good for your own academic development, but also helps you to enjoy yourself in school.

Conjugating Respecter in French

If you guessed that  respecter  means to respect in French, you would be correct. When you want to say things such as she respected in the past tense or we will respect in the future tense, the verb will need to be conjugated. The purpose of this French lesson is to help you learn the most basic forms of  respecter. The Basic Conjugations of  Respecter French verb conjugations can be quite complicated. Not only do you have to memorize quite a few words, but you also have to watch out for verbs that dont follow the rules. The great news is that respecter likes rules and it follows the most common conjugation pattern found in French. Respecter  is a  regular -er verb  and the endings you learn here are used for the majority of French verbs. That does make each new one you learn just a little easier than the last.   The first step in any conjugation is to find the verb stem. For  respecter, that is  respect-. To this, a variety of endings are added to correspond with both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. For example, an  -e  is added for the present  je respecte  (I am respecting) and  -ions  is added for the imperfect  nous respections  (we respected). Present Future Imperfect je respecte respecterai respectais tu respectes respecteras respectais il respecte respectera respectait nous respectons respecterons respections vous respectez respecterez respectiez ils respectent respecteront respectaient The Present Participle of  Respecter When you add  -ant  to these regular verbs, youre always forming the  present participle. For  respecter, that gives you the word  respectant. Not only is it a verb, it may also be a noun or adjective under certain circumstances. Respecter  in the Compound Past Tense The passà © composà © is a common way to express the past tense in French. Its a compound that requires two elements: the present tense conjugate of avoir and the past participle respectà ©. When you combine the two, you get phrases such as jai respectà © (I respected) and nous avons respectà © (we respected). More Simple Conjugations of  Respecter While  respecter  does have more conjugations, a few more of the simplest will round off this lesson and give your vocabulary a solid foundation. Verb moods like  the subjunctive  can help you imply uncertainty to the act of respecting, for instance. At the same time,  the conditional  is very useful if that action is dependent on something. Used with less frequency, the passà © simple and the imperfect subjunctive are also good to study. These are literary tenses and found more often in written French than in conversation. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je respecte respecterais respectai respectasse tu respectes respecterais respectas respectasses il respecte respecterait respecta respectt nous respections respecterions respectmes respectassions vous respectiez respecteriez respecttes respectassiez ils respectent respecteraient respectrent respectassent If you find yourself in need of forcefully or directly demanding respect, you can use the imperative. When you do use it, its perfectly fine to drop the subject pronoun: tu respecte becomes respecte. Imperative (tu) respecte (nous) respectons (vous) respectez

Media Violence - 1535 Words

There has been a rapid growth in the amount of studies performed designed to at looking at the potentially harmful effects of the consumption of violent media and the impact it has on psychological factors. Two psychological factors that have been researched are empathy and aggression and how violent media influences these two emotions. Theories that have tried explaining the pathway from the viewing of violence in media and the impact on aggression have generally focused on the role of violent media being used by consumers as observational learning and promoting the development of aggressive tendencies. It is thought that the exposure to violence and violent acts contribute to the development of aggressive behaviour (Anderson, et al.,†¦show more content†¦One literature review that has already looked at this is Wiedeman et al (2015) which investigated factors that could potentially influence the impact that aggressive and violent media have on children. The purpose of their study was to discuss the relevant research that had been previously carried out on the topic and examine if various factors could potentially impact the risk of being influenced by violent media. A few of the factors looked at in their study and is relevant to this research report includes time that was spent watching media and the content of the media and how they influence violent behaviour. They found that exposure to aggressive or violent behaviour whether it was for a brief period or a prolonged time, can not only increase the level of aggressive behaviour shown, but also have an impact on the desensitization to violence and the suffering of other which relates back to empathy levels. Another is Bartholow et al (2005) that looked at the consequences of the exposure to violent media to Empathy, aggressive behaviour and the likelihood of having a hostile personality. The study primarily looked at the effects of violent video game consumption in children up to seventeen years of age as they reportedly spend up to seven hours a week playing them. The researchers conducted two studies to examine the link between violentShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence And The Media Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesExposure to the media violence may be especially problematic in late adolescence. Television and other media play a major role in adolescent socialization and identity development by providing perspectives, values, ideologies, and behavior models (Arnett G., Roberts D. et al.). The socializing role of television in particular may be ampliï ¬ ed by the large amount of time young people spend with this medium. Speciï ¬ cally, 18- to 24-year-olds spend more time watching television and movies than youngerRead MoreMedia Violence and Violence in Society1059 Words   |  4 Pagesprogramming contains some violence, there should be more and more violent crime after television is available† (Freedman). Many suggest the violence in media is causing violence in society but then how is it that violent crimes are actually decreasing in the United States. The violence that is occurring is actually due from the mentally ill, poor parenting, and the location of where one lives in society. Violence has actually decreased over the decades even though media has more violence than ever beforeRead MoreViolence in Mass Media594 Words   |  2 PagesViolence in Mass Media Violence is everywhere and in everything from what we see to what we hear. Today’s society has become acquainted with the violence in video games, tv shows, movies, and music since it is everywhere but many have become too attached to this violence and brought it to real life. Many assume that getting rid of this violence is essential to a more passive and peaceful society but there are more benefits to the portail of violence that society sees today. One of the key itemsRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1892 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is often very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is ofte n very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Behavioral Violence916 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Media Violence on Behavioral Violence in Young Adults in America The influence of mass media has progressively increased in American society, but can the media have effects beyond mere entertainment and impartial information? American culture has become saturated with online news reports, social media, and media entertainment. Technology has become a major factor in America’s social environment. Much of the information gained from digital sources involves or portrays violence, and manyRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreThe Effects Of Violence On The Media1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of violence in the media is a big controversy; some say it affects are society and others say that there is not any proof of this. There are many theories on how violence in media does, and how it does not, affect our society. Many people claim watching television or even playing video games will affect children’s or young adults’ minds. Researches claim that they found no evidence of change in aggr essiveness in children or young adults while playing video games. Researchers allowed childrenRead More Media Violence Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pageswhether it is right for their child to have access to this sort of violence: the kind found in most video games, television shows, and movies all over the world. But honestly, does it make a difference in the child’s development as a productive member of society, and if so, can a parent really do anything about it? These are the questions that researchers of the subject hope to answer conclusively In order to understand how media violence has an effect on children, different variables must first be examinedRead More Media Violence Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Violence Violence is used in many ways in promos as a hook to draw viewers into the program. That is because violence is an effective promotional device. But severe permanent damage could be done to the children’s minds by such pornographic and sadistic material, in which detail is powerfully realistic. The increasing demand of comics, the wide use of the Internet, and viewing television are the main forms of media, which have caused people’s minds to perform violence. First of all

Alternative fuel technologies Free Essays

Oil and petroleum products have been mainstay of world’s economic and technological advancement since past 150 years. The mechanism driving the entire transportation system from automobiles, airplanes, railways, ships to space rockets is based on utilization of energy of petroleum oil. Petroleum products are also extensively used in a number of infrastructure industries that form the core of industrial processes and basis of existence of modern world. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative fuel technologies or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the petroleum resources of world are very limited and they cannot endlessly meet human demands. Various estimates have put the total extractable oil stock to exist for another 50-75 years if world continues to consume them at present rate. After that the cost of extraction of remaining petroleum products would become much more than the benefits obtained them and world would require new resources of energy to exist. These concerns have already spawned intense research in alternative technologies to meet the future energy needs in the face of an impending petroleum crisis. The shortage of oil would be more manifest in coming times as oil demands are growing world wide, especially in China and India with rapidly expanding economy, transportation system and consequently requirement of petroleum oil. Even at present consumption rate there are grave uncertainties on the secure prospects of future supplies within next 50 years time frame, and the rising consumption rates threatens to bring the approaching crisis nearer. United States is thus faced with a great responsibility to secure its future interests without sacrificing its present requirements and needs. This issue forms the topic of the next section. Alternative fuel technologies Past decade has seen great thrust on technological researches in alternative fuels. Various new techniques and models have already been introduced in the market to test their viability and capacity to successfully replace petroleum as chief source of energy. Most of these innovations are specifically aimed at transportation sector owing to its liability as chief consumer of petroleum oil and as principle cause of soaring oil imports. Due to distinct requirements of different sectors in transportation, the technologies vary. Passenger vehicles, public transport vehicles and freight transportation carry specific needs that are difficult to be met by a single alternative fuel technology (Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006). Some of the major and most popular of these technologies, where majority of research and development has taken place, are (Aldrich, 1996) 1. Hybrid Vehicle: As the name suggests, hybrid vehicles combine dual technologies for their operation. Technically they are hybrid electric vehicle with an electric motor that drives the vehicle (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 41 ). 2. Bio-diesels: Bio-diesel: Bio-diesel, as the term suggests, is a type of renewable fuel obtained by agricultural products and used as fuel in heavy-duty vehicles. The major sources currently under research for bio-diesel are soybean, rapeseed, corn, cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, and canola (Aldrich, 1996, 85). 3. Ethanol: Ethanol has emerged as a successful alternative to fossil fuels in Brazil where more than 4 million vehicles on ethanol based fuel and it is finding increasing application in the world as well 4. Hydrogen: : There are great interests in using hydrogen as fuel in transport industry due to the great flexibility of options and performance it offers. Hydrogen can either be used as fuel in place of gasoline in internal combustion engine or it can be used as energy carrier in fuel cells, the latter being the major research area in automobile sector (Aldrich, 1996, 87). Solar energy: : Solar power has turned as a dependable source of energy in areas other than transport. All the initial costs are high in maintaining a solar energy power plant, its been shown that with increasingly sophisticated technology and wider application the cost of installation as well as generation of electricity can get comparable to normal power plants. Mass Transport System Apart from introducing alternative fuel and technologies to replace and minimize fossil fuel consumption, another area where fuel consumption can be easily reduced is creating a more robust and functional public transport and mass transit system. It is cost effective and time consuming to redesign the existing public transport system, especially in major cities, to cut down fuel consumption by reducing number of vehicles on the road. Socio-cultural impact When fossil fuels were discovered around 150 years back, the existing technologies of steam engines were unable to utilize them. However, soon completely new technologies were developed in the face of these new energy sources and they were used to capitalize on the energy content and efficiency of fossil fuels. Soon petroleum fuels revolutionized the way the world moved and worked. The past 100 years of consumption has comprehensively depleted non-renewable petroleum deposits and estimates give another 50 more years before the remaining available sources would get almost exhausted. This fact is indeed a cause of concern, but only if viewed from existing technological frame. Declining petroleum resources offer the signal that its time to make transition towards different energy sources. Countries that would fail to read this signal or close their eyes to it are certainly heading for a major crisis. But fortunately the world has the capacity to read these signals and develop reliable intermediate technologies and systems such as hybrid electric vehicle, ethanol and public transit systems that would considerably reduce fossil fuel consumption without adding to infrastructure cost thereby extending the life period of petroleum reservoirs. Meanwhile research can take place on new age technologies such as fuel cell and solar photovoltaic cells to complete replace fossil fuels as a source of energy. It is possible that if government and industry institute providential policy measures, there would be a host of alternative technologies in transportation sector by the time petroleum oil would get exhausted. _ Reference Bob Aldrich.. ABCs of AFVs: a guide to alternative fuel vehicles. California Energy Commission, Sacramento-CA. April 1996. 1st Feb 2007 http://www. p2pays. org/ref/26/25156. pdf Hoogma Recmo, Rene Kemp, John Schot, Bernhard Truffer. Experimenting for Sustainable Transport: The Approach of Strategic Niche Management. : Spon Press: New York: 2002. 3 Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006. Consequence of U. S Oil Dependency: Report of an Independent Task Force. 30th Jan. 2007 http://www. cfr. org/content/publications/attachments/EnergyTFR. pdf How to cite Alternative fuel technologies, Papers Alternative fuel technologies Free Essays string(86) " requirements of different sectors in transportation, there are various technologies\." Since its discovery 150 years ago, petroleum oil has become lifeline of the world. The entire structure of the modern mechanized world, consisting from transportation system, automobiles, airplanes, railways, ships to space rockets today operates primarily on the energy derived from the fossil fuels/petroleum oils. Apart from being mainstay of the transportation sector, petroleum products have also found wide application in a large range of core infrastructure industries that are essential for survival of industrial processes and basis of existence of modern world. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative fuel technologies or any similar topic only for you Order Now This dependence on exclusive use of petroleum resources of world has become cause of serious concern among policy planners. Petroleum resources are very limited and they have cannot be continuously exploited to meet human demand. According to varoius studies and estimates, the total oil stock of world t is expected to last for another 50-75 years if world continues to consume them at present rate. After that the cost of extraction of remaining petroleum products would rise greatly. It would become so costly that benefits obtained from oil would be lower than expenditure incurred on them. Thus world may need another resources of energy to exist. These fears and concerns have already generated intense research in alternative technologies to meet the future energy needs in the face of an overhanging petroleum crisis. The large part of the oil consumption takes place in the transportation sector, which accounts for the 69 percent of the total oil consumption in the US alone (Basic Petroleum Statistics, 2007). Overall there are five major sectors accounting for petroleum oil consumption. These sectors, along with their consumption share in year 2005 are (Petroleum-EIA, 2006) 1. Domestic/Household: Consumption in 2005 was 869 thousand barrels of petroleum per day 2. Commercial: 386 thousand barrels of petroleum per day 3. Industrial: 5061 thousand barrels of petroleum per day 4. Electric Power production: 545 thousand barrels of petroleum per day 5. Transportation: 13, 825 thousand barrels of petroleum per day. The consumption pattern in the transportation sector shows that consumption is highest for motor gasoline. Average daily consumption of motor gasoline in U. S, according to Petroleum data (EIA, 2005) is 8933 thousand barrels per day. Distillate fuel oil is the second most consumed petroleum product with daily consumption at 2817 thousand barrels. These figures show that U. S would be dependent on oil imports for present and future if it carries on the present rate of consumption. U. S has a fleet of 210 millions vehicle that depend entirely upon motor gasoline for their functioning that makes it very difficult to reduce oil consumption. (Hirsch R. L, Bezdek R, Wending R, February 2005, 4). As on 1st January 2006, the total proven oil reserves with U. S was just 21. 6 billion barrels, which means that in future U. S would be forced to rely almost completely on oil imports for its entire transportation requirements. As the closer sources shall run dry, U. S’ would be dependent on distant sources from where oil must be transported. The supply lines may become vulnerable to leakage and terrorist attacks and it would lead to rise in global oil price. The greater risk is certainly compromising with U. S national interests. The oil supply lines would always be at risk against subversive elements requiring another set of huge investment in ensuring safe transportation of oil to U. S onshore facilities. It will also place U. S interests in the hands of oil cartels such as OPEC that may freely manipulate oil supplies according to their own interests. The shortage of oil would increase greatly in coming times as oil demands are growing worldwide. Meanwhile China and India are also expanding their economy, transportation system and hence they would need more oil in future. Even at present rate there are serious doubts on the secure prospects of future supplies within next 50 years time frame, and the rising consumption rates threatens to bring the approaching crisis nearer. United States has thus a great responsibility to secure its future interests without sacrificing its present requirements and needs. This issue forms the topic of the next section. Alternative fuel technologies The forthcoming oil crisis has finally moved policy makers in US. A number of approaches are suggested that include a. imposing taxes on oil consumption b. using tradable gasoline permits and c. exploration of new sources of oil ( Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006 ). However, the urgent need of situation demands methods that would sustain the present structure while safeguarding the future against depleting sources and rising petroleum prices. As the world’s oil reserves are limited, even measures such stagnating oil consumption and using oil more efficiently are just helpful in delaying the inevitable without offering any permanent solution to the issue. Oil reserves are going down steadily and within a couple of decades prices will soar up inexorably disrupting the economy, industry and society in turn. The only practical solution to this problem is technological innovations in energy field that can reduce dependence on petroleum oil by providing alternative and sustainable sources of energy. It shall serve two immensely useful purposes that are a. minimizing U. S dependence on foreign oil and b. preventing the environment from damages associated with use of petroleum oils and products. The certainty of oil exhaustion has inspired efforts from both government and corporate sector to research and develop the new fuel technologies as a providential measure for survival, growth and progress in forthcoming days of oil crisis. Past decade has seen great move on technological researches in alternative fuels. Various new techniques and models have already been introduced in the market to test their viability and capacity to successfully replace petroleum as chief source of energy. Most of these innovations are specifically aimed at transportation sector because it is the chief consumer of petroleum oil and as principle cause of increasing oil imports. Due to distinct requirements of different sectors in transportation, there are various technologies. You read "Alternative fuel technologies" in category "Papers" Passenger vehicles, public transport vehicles and freight transportation carry specific needs that are difficult to be met by a single alternative fuel technology. Some of the major and most popular of these technologies, where majority of research and development has taken place, are (Aldrich, 1996) 1. Hybrid Vehicle 2. Bio-diesels 3. Ethanol 4. Hydrogen and 6. Solar energy Following section discusses the technology used in each of these new vehicle-systems and their benefits over conventional gasoline based internal combustion engine. Hybrid Vehicles: As the name suggests, hybrid vehicles combine dual technologies for their operation. Technically they are hybrid electric vehicle with an electric motor that drives the vehicle (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 41 ). In the case of a typical electric vehicle, hydrogen fuel cell or chemical batteries such as advanced sealed lead battery, nickel cadmium and lithium ion are used for auxiliary power (Aldrich, 1996). However in the hybrid electric vehicles, the electric drive technology is combined with a gasoline-based power generator for running the electric motor and charging the batteries. Hybrid vehicles are either full hybrid or mid hybrid. A full hybrid vehicle can move forward from standstill purely on electric power while a mid hybrid requires gasoline power for initial movement, although both technologies concentrate on maximum utilization of electric motor power while reducing the use of gasoline as far as possible (Hybrid Terms, 2007). The electric motor and internal combustion engine (ICE) are connected either in parallel or in series in a hybrid vehicle. In parallel hybrid cars, power to engine is supplied by both the electric motor and internal combustion engine while in the series hybrid car the gasoline engine powers the electric motor and batteries to generate electricity, without directly providing power for the vehicle (Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2007). There is another category of hybrid vehicles, called as ‘plug-in hybrid’ that can operate as a full electric vehicle. They require some additional batteries and use electricity net to charge the batteries thereby minimizing gasoline use to its lowest possible levels (Hybrid Terms, 2007). All hybrid electric vehicle use computer that constantly monitors speed, power required and charge conditions of batteries (Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2007). Hybrid vehicles offer numerous benefits over the conventional gasoline based ICE, some of which are (Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2007; Sanna, 2007, 12; Aldrich, 1996, 88 ) 1. Hybrid vehicles are extremely fuel efficient, with most of the driving thrust coming from electric power. 2. Unlike electric cars, they offer unlimited range of traveling and transportation 3. Hybrid technology is combination of the proven technology of ICE with electric motors, thus giving it reliability in the market. 4. Hybrid technology can be used in various sectors of transportation, from personal vehicles to heavy duty vehicles. In fact, both the major US car manufacturers, GM and Ford have come out with a range of hybrid vehicles, that are successful in market. 5. Plug in -Hybrid technology is even more fuel conserving and environmentally benign, cutting down CO2 emission by more than 30 % while using minimum possible use of gasoline. Hybrid vehicles offer the most reliable alternate technology which US can capitalize upon without risking any major upheaval in its current fuel-technology structure. These vehicles promise to drastically reduce fuel oil consumption, reducing the needs of oil imports, meanwhile purchasing time for completely oil free technology. Bio-diesel: Bio-diesel, as the term suggests, is a type of renewable fuel obtained by agricultural products and used as fuel in heavy-duty vehicles. The major sources currently under research for bio-diesel are soybean, rapeseed, corn, cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, and canola (Aldrich, 1996, 85). The process of making bio-diesel involves use of an alcohol such as methanol which is treated with oil of selected agricultural produce to form glycerin followed by separation of fatty esters, recycling of excess alcohol and purification of esters to produce a fuel that bears remarkable closeness to diesel, however with higher octane number (Aldrich, 1996, 85). Currently bio-diesel is used when blended with petroleum diesel, especially in European markets, with commendable results. Bio-diesel offers a host of benefits over conventional petroleum diesel, some of which are (Faupel and Kurki, 2002, 1). 1. Reduction in vehicle emission leading to environment safe emission standards 2. As bio-diesel is an excellent lubricant it helps to prolong engine life 3. As the fuel is non-toxic and easily biodegradable it presents high safety standards in storage and transportation. 4. It will give boost to agricultural productions 5. It poses significantly lower health risks than petroleum diesel, successfully meeting health requirement standards established by Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990. 6. The technology of bio-diesel doesn’t require any major altercation in present engine technology and infrastructure models, making it a popular choice in alternative fuel category. 7. The fact that bio-diesel can be completely synthesized domestically gives US a great opportunity to curtail its dependence on fossil fuel, curb imports, optimize its economy and make a transition towards a secure and sustainable future. Bio-diesel has gained wide acceptance as a viable alternative for fossil-diesel and it is increasingly used in mass transit system, freight transportation and heavy duty vehicles Ethanol: Ethanol as a very long history as an alternative fuel, and it was tried in even 1880 as a fuel option for Ford cars (Aldrich, 1996, 51). Ethanol is derived from agricultural produces by process of fermentation and distillation to form a high-octane liquid fuel. Normally ethanol is not used alone as a fuel, instead it is blended with gasoline in ratio of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline to form a fuel E-85, which is approved as an alternative fuel in US (Ethanol, 2007). The vehicles run on this fuel are called as flexi fuel vehicles. Ethanol has emerged as a successful alternative to fossil fuels in Brazil where more than 4 million vehicles on ethanol based fuel and it is finding increasing application in US as well. The benefits of using ethanol are multifold and they include (Ethanol, 2007) 1. Ease in use: Although E85 engine is somewhat different than ICE, it is possible to alter the existing ICE to accommodate E85 as the fuel 2. Reduced petroleum consumption: Increased use of E85 promises considerable reduction in use of fossil oil. 3. Renewable and sustainable fuel: E-85 is organically synthesized. It is renewable as ethanol can be made from waste bio products, optimizing the energy sector. 4. Environment compatibility: Vehicles using E-85 produce around 50 percent less smog in emission 5. Flexible fuel options: Vehicles using E-85 as fuel can also operate on gasoline, which is useful in case of non availability of E-85 Hydrogen: There are great interests in using hydrogen as fuel in transport industry due to the great flexibility of options and performance it offers. Hydrogen can either be used as fuel in place of gasoline in internal combustion engine or it can be used as energy carrier in fuel cells, the latter being the major research area in automobile sector (Aldrich, 1996, 87). Generally, hydrogen is obtained by decomposing hydrocarbon fuels, electrolysis of water and photolysis. It is stored directly in form of gas, liquid or as chemically with metal hydrides (Hydrogen Economy, 2002, 2). Due to its low energy volume, direct use of hydrogen as a fuel would require considerably large volumes to fuel the vehicle. On the other hand, hydrogen is extremely efficient in fuel cells. In a fuel cell, hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce electricity, Use of hydrogen offers following advantages (Hydrogen Economy, 2002; Aldrich, 1996,87) 1. It is the most abundant element in universe and hence practically inexhaustible as a source of energy. 2. When burned it produces water vapour as only by product. 3. Hydrogen can be used a fuel directly in ICE, requiring no modification in engine design. 4. Hydrogen fuel cells involve no pollution, and provide higher efficiency of the order of 45 percent in combustion. 5. In case of any accidents, hydrogen powered vehicle are likely to cause less damage due to light chemical nature of hydrogen. Solar Power: Use of solar power as energy in transportation sector has been subject of intense technological research. While the solar energy has found wide application as domestic energy supply, there are difficulties in their application in transport sector. Photovoltaic cells, that absorb sunrays to provide electricity, are inefficient under the current technology strains and unable to generate even a fraction of required power to drive a normal passenger vehicle. However, solar power has turned as a dependable source of energy in areas other than transport. All the initial costs are high in maintaining a solar energy power plant, its been shown that with increasingly sophisticated technology and wider application the cost of installation as well as generation of electricity can get comparable to normal power plants (Borowitz, 1999,112). Conclusion When fossil fuels were discovered around 150 years back, the existing technologies of steam engines were unable to utilize them. However, soon completely new technologies were developed as new energy sources were discovered. They started to use the energy content and efficiency of fossil fuels. Soon petroleum fuels revolutionized the way the world moved and worked. The past 100 years of consumption has comprehensively depleted non-renewable petroleum deposits and estimates give another 50 more years before the remaining available sources would get almost exhausted. US has the capacity to read these signals and develop reliable intermediate technologies and systems such as hybrid electric vehicle, ethanol and public transit systems that would considerably reduce fossil fuel consumption without adding to infrastructure cost thereby extending the life period of petroleum reservoirs. Meanwhile research is continuing on new age technologies such as fuel cell and solar photovoltaic cells to complete replace fossil fuels as a source of energy. It is possible that if government and industry institute providential policy measures, there would be a host of alternative technologies in transportation sector by the time petroleum oil would get exhausted. Economic advantage of using alternative fuels Alternative fuel technologies carry great economic benefit for US. Presently USA is heavily dependent on imported petroleum fuel that accounts for massive expenditure in the federal budget. Increased use of alternative fuel technology would reduce this dependency, saving billions of dollars annually. Further, the domestic production, processing and maintenance of alternative fuel resources and vehicles would create more number of jobs, thus strengthening the economic conditions. Alternative vehicles would also create far less air pollution, which would help the quality of life with reduced lungs diseases, cancers, asthma and various other problems. It would also bring down the need as well as the cost of environmental cleanup, adding to economic benefits further (AFV-2000) Reference Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 2000, Climate Change Technologies, 21st Feb, 2007, http://yosemite. epa. gov/oar/globalwarming. nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/SHSU5BMSCX/$File/alternativefueledvehicles. pdf Basic Petroleum Statistics. Jan 2007. Energy Information Administration. 31st Jan. 2007 http://www. eia. doe. gov/neic/quickfacts/quickoil. html Bob Aldrich.. ABCs of AFVs: a guide to alternative fuel vehicles. California Energy Commission, Sacramento-CA. April 1996. 1st Feb 2007 http://www. p2pays. org/ref/26/25156. pdf Borowitz, Sidney. Farewell Fossil Fuels: Reviewing America’s Energy Policy. : Plenum Trade: New York: 1999 Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006. Consequence of U. S Oil Dependency: Report of an Independent Task Force. 30th Jan. 2007 http://www. cfr. org/content/publications/attachments/EnergyTFR. pdf Ethanol. 2007. Alternative Fuel Data Center. US Department of Energy. 1st Feb, 2007, http://www. eere. energy. gov/afdc/altfuel/ethanol. html Faupel Karen and Al Kukri, 2002. Biodiesel: A Brief Overivew. NCAT Agricultural Specialist. 1st Feb, 2007. http://www. msenergy. ms/biodiesel. pdf Hirsch R. L, Bezdek R, Wending R. February 2005. Peaking of World Oil Production: Impact, Mitigation, Risk Management. 30th Jan. 2007 http://www. pppl. gov/publications/pics/Oil_Peaking_1205. pdf Hoogma Recmo, Rene Kemp, John Schot, Bernhard Truffer. Experimenting for Sustainable Transport: The Approach of Strategic Niche Management. : Spon Press: New York: 2002. 36 Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Feb 2007. Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Implementing Agreement. International Energy Agency. 1st Feb, 2007. http://www. ieahev. org/hybrid. html#Anchor3 Hybrid Terms. HybridCars. com. 1st Feb 2007 http://www. hybridcars. com/types-systems/hybrid-terms. html Petroleum. July, 2006. Annual Energy Review-2005. 31s Jan, 2007 http://www. eia. doe. gov/emeu/aer/petro. html Petroleum Overview, 1949-2005. Annual Energy Review. 31st Jan, 2007 http://www. eia. doe. gov/emeu/aer/petro. html Prospects For A Hydrogen Economy. Oct. 2002. Postnote. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. 1st Feb, 2007. http://www. parliament. uk/post/pn186. pdf Sanna Lucy. Driving the Solution: Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. EPRI Journal. 1st Feb 2007. http://www. calcars. org/epri-driving-solution-1012885_PHEV. pdf U. S. Imports- Petroleum Navigator. Energy Information Administration. 31st Jan 2007 http://tonto. eia. doe. gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_NUS_Z00_mbbl_m. htm How to cite Alternative fuel technologies, Papers Alternative fuel technologies Free Essays Since its discovery 150 years ago, petroleum oil has become lifeline of the world, the functional equivalent of blood in the human body. The mechanism driving the entire transportation system from automobiles, airplanes, railways, ships to space rockets is based on utilization of energy of petroleum oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative fuel technologies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Petroleum products are also extensively used in a number of infrastructure industries that form the core of industrial processes and basis of existence of modern world. However, the petroleum resources of world are very limited and they cannot endlessly meet human demands. Various estimates have put the total extractable oil stock to exist for another 50-75 years if world continues to consume them at present rate. After that the cost of extraction of remaining petroleum products would become much more than the benefits obtained them and world would require new resources of energy to exist. These concerns have already spawned intense research in alternative technologies to meet the future energy needs in the face of an impending petroleum crisis. United States of America is world’s leading consumer of petroleum products accounting for approximately 25 % of total consumption of petroleum oil world over. In 2003, world’s consumption of petroleum oil stood at around 80 million barrels per day, out of which US’s share was close to 20 million barrel (Hirsch, Bezdek, Wending, 2005). To meet these huge petroleum demands US depends crucially on oil imports that is well above 50 % today and continuing to rise upward. This overwhelming dependence on imported oil poses various strategic and security challenges for US interests in the long run. The sharp oil price increases of 1973 and 1979-81 serve as testimony to the dangers of import dependence. Further as the oil sources would continue to deplete, the prices of oil would steadily and inexorably rise until the level when world is faced with an acute fuel crisis. Based on these observations it’s vital that U. S explores alternative technologies and fuels to sustain its development and growth structure. Need of alternative fuels The continuous rise in U. S oil consumption has forced it to rely increasingly on imported oil to meet its expanding requirements. As of today with its 20 million barrel per day consumption U. S is the largest consumer and importer of oil, surpassing the combined consumption of Japan, Germany, China, Russia and South Korea (Reardon, 2004).. The share of oil in total energy produced in USA is just 17. 2 percent while in consumption it rises to 40 percent that explains the need for huge oil import. Imports constitute 11 million barrels per day that is more than the aggregate oil import of Japan, Germany, and South Korea (Reardon, 2004). The bulk of the oil consumption takes place in the transportation sector, which accounts for the 69 percent of the total oil consumption in US (Basic Petroleum Statistics, 2007). Consumption stands highest for motor gasoline. Average daily consumption of motor gasoline in U. S, according to Petroleum data (EIA, 2005) is 8933 thousand barrels per day. Distillate fuel oil is the second most consumed petroleum product with daily consumption at 2817 thousand barrels. These figures give a realistic view of inevitable oil import dependency U. S for present and future if it carries on the present rate of consumption. Indeed the chances to curb the massive oil imports are slim considering the fleet of 210 millions vehicle that depend solely upon motor gasoline for their functioning (Hirsch R. L, Bezdek R, Wending R, February 2005, 4). As on 1st January 2006, the total proven oil reserves with U. S was just 21. 6 billion barrels, which implies that in future U. S would be forced to rely almost completely on oil imports for its entire transportation requirements. As the closer sources shall run dry, U. S’ dependency would shift to further sources from where oil must be transported over vulnerable supply lines, leading to rise in global oil price. The greater risk is certainly compromising with U. S national interests. The oil supply lines would always be at risk against subversive elements requiring another set of huge investment in ensuring safe transportation of oil to U. S onshore facilities. It will also place U. S interests in the hands of oil cartels such as OPEC that may freely manipulate oil supplies according to their own interests. Part II: Alternative fuel technologies The impending oil crisis has finally stirred policy makers in US. A number of approaches are suggested that include a. imposing taxes on oil consumption b. using tradable gasoline permits and c. exploration of new sources of oil ( Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006 ). However, the pressing need of situation demands measures that would sustain the present structure while safeguarding the future against depleting sources and rising petroleum prices. As the world’s oil reserves are finite, even measures such stagnating oil consumption and using oil more efficiently are just helpful in delaying the inevitable without offering any permanent solution to the issue. Oil reserves are going down steadily and within a couple of decades prices will soar up inexorably disrupting the economy, industry and society in turn. The only practical solution to this problem is technological innovations in energy field that can reduce dependence on petroleum oil by providing alternative and sustainable sources of energy. It shall serve two immensely useful purposes that are a. minimizing U. S dependence on foreign oil and b. preventing the environment from damages associated with use of petroleum oils and products. The certainty of oil exhaustion has inspired efforts from both government and corporate sector to research and develop the new fuel technologies as a providential measure for survival, growth and progress in forthcoming days of oil crisis. Past decade has seen great thrust on technological researches in alternative fuels. Various new techniques and models have already been introduced in the market to test their viability and capacity to successfully replace petroleum as chief source of energy. Most of these innovations are specifically aimed at transportation sector owing to its liability as chief consumer of petroleum oil and as principle cause of soaring oil imports. Due to distinct requirements of different sectors in transportation, the technologies vary How to cite Alternative fuel technologies, Papers

Yesenia Rodriguez Essays - Sex Crimes, Violence Against Men

Yesenia Rodriguez Prof. Silver Comp. II July 12, 2016 Children Trafficking Online In the twenty years, technology has grown enormously. Where information online is easy to be found and a person can go online to search information on someone. So, how many of your children are online? According to Abolishing Child Sex Trafficking on the Internet, eighty-one percent of your children are online, talking to their friends or someone on Facebook, Snapchat, Kik, Instagram, etc... It makes it easy for human traffickers to find children that are lonely, hopeless, or sad on different apps by checking their profiles. Parents believe that their child is safe online, not knowing that there is a sex trafficker online. Parents need to be aware of what is happening online. The child needs to be educated on how to be safe online. As a parent, I was not aware about what was happening with my child. Thinking that she was talking to her friends from school until her father went online to see exactly what she was doing. She was on three different apps that were connected to a third party and one was connected to backup.com. I did not know what backup.com was, until I educated myself. Backup.com is a website used to post jobs and sell goods, but underneath the well-intentioned surface, prostitution and human trafficking are taking place. I educated myself a little more about the different ways that a sex trafficker tries to lure a child. As a child in today's world, it is hard to grow-up because you have to keep a good image to be that popular teenager. Technology made it much difficult for teenagers to be safe, with sex trafficking and bullying. The way a sex trafficker targets a child is by seeing who is lonely for attention, needing to talk to someone about how they feel or following what their friends are doing. A sex trafficker makes a profile on the same apps as the child they want to lure in, so the child thinks they are talking to someone their age who is having the same problem at school or at home with their parents. Some sex traffickers have followed a child for years or months to gain their trusts, sometimes sex traffickers use a victim to talk to the future victims, because it make it much easier to lure the child in. a young girl named Hope was a victim of sex trafficking this is what she said. "It all started because I posted on a social medial site that I hated my mother. A woman messaged me back telling me that I could go stay with her, and we'd go partying. She showed up within the next forty-five minutes. I was gone. I could never be Hope again that; I was never going to be the same girl" (Huffingtonpost.com, 2016) A child hat is educated on how to keep safe or anyone that wants to hurt someone is safer. The way to keep your child safe from sex traffickers is to talk to them about sexual predators and explain about potential online dangers. Explain about the mentoring process and warn them about some of the tactics an online predator may use. Limit and monitor the amount of time your children spend on the Internet, and at what time of day . Then tell them to never download images from an unknown source , or upload sexually evocative images of themselves to the internet. Then tell them to trust you or teacher, etc. that if anything happens online that make them tell uncomfortable or frightened to tell. Choose a gender-neutral screen name. Make sure the name they choose does not contain sexually words or reveal personal information. Avoid putting your age, zip code or area code. Also avoid screen names that have school mascot or logo s on it . Never reveal personal information about yourself or about the family to anyone online do not fill out online personal profi les. Stop any e-mail communication, instant messaging conversation, or chats if someone starts to ask questions that are too personal or sexually suggestive. Never agree meet someone in person that they met online. With all my researcher, all